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The Role of Neurosonology in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Carotid Artery Disease: A Review
ABSTRACT Carotid artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of ischemic stroke with high rates of recurrence. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) are highly recommended for the secondary prevention of symptomatic CAD during the first 14 days following the index event of transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. CEA or CAS may also be offered in selected cases with severe asymptomatic stenosis. Herein, we review the utility of neurosonology in the diagnosis and pre‐/peri‐interventional assessment of CAD patients who undergo carotid revascularization procedures. Carotid ultrasound may provide inval...
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - January 1, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Odysseas Kargiotis, Apostolos Safouris, Georgios Magoufis, Maria Georgala, Andromachi Roussopoulou, Eleftherios Stamboulis, Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, Andreas Lazaris, George Geroulakos, Spyros Vasdekis, Georgios Tsivgoulis Tags: Views and Reviews Source Type: research

MRI Interscanner Agreement of the Association between the Susceptibility Vessel Sign and Histologic Composition of Thrombi
CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic accuracy of SVS to determine thrombus composition varies significantly among MRI scanners. Normalization of T2*sequences between scanners may be needed to better predict thrombus composition in multicenter studies.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - August 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Romain Bourcier, Lili D étraz, Jean Michel Serfaty, Beatrice Guyomarch Delasalle, Mahmood Mirza, Imad Derraz, Frédérique Toulgoat, Olivier Naggara, Claire Toquet, Hubert Desal Tags: Experimental Laboratory Research Source Type: research

Interpretation of Brain CT Scans in the Field by Critical Care Physicians in a Mobile Stroke Unit
CONCLUSIONThis pilot study shows that anesthesiologists trained in prehospital critical care may effectively assess cerebral CT scans in an MSU, and determine if there are radiological contraindications for thrombolysis.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - July 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Maren Ranhoff Hov, Erik Zakariassen, Thomas Lindner, Terje Nome, Kristi G. Bache, Jo R øislien, Jostein Gleditsch, Volker Solyga, David Russell, Christian G. Lund, Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Resolution of Occlusive Carotid Artery Thrombus Treated with Anticoagulation as Demonstrated on Duplex Ultrasonography
CONCLUSIONDifferentiation between a stenotic plaque and occlusive thrombus can be achieved by ultrasonographic analysis of thrombus morphology, attachment site potential, and characteristics of a resolving thrombus. Systemic anticoagulation can safely and effectively eliminate the risk for future embolization and complete occlusion of the carotid artery in patients who present with transient ischemic events or completed infarcts of small size.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - May 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Laura Stein, John W. Liang, Jesse Weinberger Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

The Impact of CT Perfusion Threshold on Predicted Viable and Nonviable Tissue Volumes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
CONCLUSIONTwo commonly used tissue definitions generated significantly different lesion volumes and mismatch ratios. Threshold selection may have significant impact on patient selection for trials or reperfusion therapies.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - April 17, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Xuya Huang, Dheeraj Kalladka, Bharath Kumar Cheripelli, Fiona Catherine Moreton, Keith W. Muir Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

The Effects of DWI ‐Infarct Lesion Volume on DWI‐FLAIR Mismatch: Is There a Need for Size Stratification?
CONCLUSIONThe effects of stroke onset‐to‐scan time gap on DWI‐FLAIR mismatch are not the same for different DWI lesion volumes. At DWI lesion volumes >15 mL, the DWI‐FLAIR mismatch is highly specific for acute infarcts within IV thrombolytic therapy time, and can identify wake‐up stroke patients eligible for treatment.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - October 31, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Seyedmehdi Payabvash, Shayandokht Taleb, John C. Benson, Jeffrey B. Rykken, Mark C. Oswood, Alexander M. McKinney, Benjamin Hoffman Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Thrombolysis in Real Time: Demonstration of Revascularization with Intravenous Thrombolysis Therapy in the CT Scanner
CONCLUSIONEarly recanalization of large‐vessel occlusion after intravenous thrombolysis results in unique imaging findings.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - August 31, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Jessica Tan, Aimee Aysenne, Vineeta Singh Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Topographic Assessment of Acute Ischemic Changes for Prognostication of Anterior Circulation Stroke
CONCLUSIONSTopographic assessment of acute ischemic changes using the sASPECTS (including caudate, lentiform nucleus, insula, and M5) can predict disability/death in anterior circulation stroke as accurately as the ASPECTS; and may help predict response to treatment and risk of developing symptomatic ICH.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - August 31, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Seyedmehdi Payabvash, Siamak Noorbaloochi, Adnan I. Qureshi Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Etiology of Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: Are Transcranial Color‐Coded Duplex Ultrasound and 3T Black Blood MR Imaging Complementary?
CONCLUSIONSThese two combined imaging techniques might be promising for the differentiation of arteriosclerotic changes from stenosis of another origin, especially when follow‐up TCCD studies are completed early before a possible regression of the atherosclerotic plaque that might be observed 6 months after initial diagnosis.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - November 24, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Fabienne Perren, Maria I. Vargas, Odysseas Kargiotis Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research

Etiology of Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: Are Transcranial Color ‐Coded Duplex Ultrasound and 3T Black Blood MR Imaging Complementary?
CONCLUSIONSThese two combined imaging techniques might be promising for the differentiation of arteriosclerotic changes from stenosis of another origin, especially when follow‐up TCCD studies are completed early before a possible regression of the atherosclerotic plaque that might be observed 6 months after initial diagnosis.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - November 23, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Fabienne Perren, Maria I. Vargas, Odysseas Kargiotis Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Internal Carotid Artery Floating Thrombus in Relapsing Polychondritis
We present a 52‐year‐old man without any known risk factors for stroke, treated with prednisone and azathioprine for relapsing polychondritis, who presented a minor left hemisphere stroke. Ultrasound of the neck vessels revealed an isoechogenic thrombus in the left internal carotid artery superimposed on a smooth moderately stenosing isoechogenic atheroma of the carotid bulb. The patient was treated with high‐dose tinzaparin and was followed with serial ultrasound. After 16 days, the thrombus demonstrated a hypoechogenic core surrounded by a hyperechogenic rim and the following day it resolved completely. Thrombus fo...
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - February 23, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Theodoros Karapanayiotides, Konstantinos Kouskouras, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Eleni Polychroniadou, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Dimitrios Karacostas Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Basilar Artery Thrombus vs. Fenestration: A Differential Diagnostic Challenge in Acute Ischemic Stroke
We present a case of a man presenting with vertigo and nausea who was found to have multifocal infarcts in the posterior circulation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated focal widening and central signal dropout in the distal vertebral artery consistent with arterial fenestration. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography showed turbulent flow and a spike waveform suggestive of an intra‐luminal thrombus. This was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) angiography. Following the initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy, the signal abnormalities on transcranial doppler (TCD) re...
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - November 19, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Paola Palazzo, Michael Ruff, Michael J. Lyerly, Andrei V. Alexandrov Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Measurement of Length of Hyperdense MCA Sign in Acute Ischemic Stroke Predicts Disappearance after IV tPA
CONCLUSIONHMCAS length >10 mm infrequently disappears with IV tPA suggesting a potential need for ancillary therapy in this group.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - January 14, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Nandavar Shobha, Simerpreet Bal, Matthew Boyko, Eric Kroshus, Bijoy K. Menon, Rohit Bhatia, Sung‐Il Sohn, Gopukumar Kumarpillai, Jayme Kosior, Michael D. Hill, Andrew M. Demchuk Tags: Clinical Investigative Study Source Type: research