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Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Abstract Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a syndrome of amenorrhoea, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated gonadotropins in a woman aged more than two standard deviations below the mean age for menopause estimated for her reference population. In practical terms, it occurs spontaneously in 1 % of women before the age of 40 years. Apart from idiopathic POI, many women will have impaired ovarian function by age 40 years as a consequence of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Of identifiable causes of POI, the most common are concurrent autoimmune diseases such as thyroid and adrenal disease, and chromoso...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 3, 2014 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Cardiovascular benefits of HRT may differ by patient age
Commentary on: Main C, Knight B, Moxham T, et al.. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(4):CD002229. Context In early postmenopausal women oestrogen and/or hormone replacement therapy (ERT/HRT) are used to alleviate symptoms and reduce the probability of diseases related to ovarian hormones deprivation. However, in late postmenopausal women the initiation of HRT has a negative risk/benefit balance mainly because of the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods Main et al performed a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - March 19, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rosano, G., Vitale, C. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Contraception, Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology, Menopause (including HRT), Interventional cardiology, Ischaemic heart disease, Venous thromboembolism, Radiology Source Type: research

Menopause and weight gain
Many women approaching the menopause will experience a number of symptoms, including vaginal dryness, hot flushes and a lack of sex drive. However another symptom that may arise as a result of the menopause is weight gain. Most commonly occurring around the hips and abdomen, this menopausal symptom for the majority of women is considered to be the least desirable. Although the exact factors that contribute to weight gain are not entirely understood, it is known that a decline in oestrogen levels, a loss of muscle tissue and lifestyle factors are part of the cause. Though it can be argued that a slight increase in weight i...
Source: The Hysterectomy Association - November 7, 2013 Category: OBGYN Authors: Linda Parkinson-Hardman Tags: Health hormone replacement therapy oestrogen weight gain Source Type: news

Menopause and Weight Gain
Many women approaching the menopause will experience a number of symptoms, including vaginal dryness, hot flushes and a lack of sex drive. However another symptom that may arise as a result of the menopause is weight gain. Most commonly occurring around the hips and abdomen, this menopausal symptom for the majority of women is considered to be the least desirable. Photo: Nikodem Nijaki: Wikipedia Although the exact factors that contribute to weight gain are not entirely understood, it is known that a decline in oestrogen levels, a loss of muscle tissue and lifestyle factors are part of the cause. Though it can be argued t...
Source: The Hysterectomy Association - November 7, 2013 Category: OBGYN Authors: Linda Parkinson-Hardman Tags: menopause hormone replacement therapy oestrogen weight gain Source Type: news

Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels later in life
Objectives:We assessed whether hypertension in pregnancy is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in later life, possibly reflecting an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background:Elevated CRP levels have been associated with hypertension in pregnancy and with CVD. Methods:We studied 2463 women from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. Participants were categorized as nulliparous women (n = 219), women with a history of normotensive pregnancies (n = 1839), or women with a history of a hypertensive pregnancy (n = 405). Using multiple linear regression ...
Source: Journal of Hypertension - October 8, 2013 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Pregnancy Source Type: research

While hormone therapy unlikely harmful in younger postmenopausal women at low CV risk, protective effects cannot be claimed
Commentary on: Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, et al.. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ 2012;345:e6409. Context The last 10 years have clarified the issues regarding postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prior to the large, randomised women's health initiative (WHI),1 observational studies had suggested a protective cardiovascular (CV) effect. The WHI showed no benefit, and increased thromboembolic and CV events in women taking HT. The WHI findings have been challenged because of the older age of the...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - September 19, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Abramson, B. L. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Menopause (including HRT), Ischaemic heart disease, Venous thromboembolism Therapeutics Source Type: research

The Timing Hypothesis and Hormone Replacement Therapy: A Paradigm Shift in the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women. Part 2: Comparative Risks
A major misperception concerning postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is that the associated risks are large in magnitude and unique to HRT, but over the past 10 years, sufficient data have accumulated so that the magnitude and perspective of risks associated with the primary coronary heart disease prevention therapies of statins, aspirin, and postmenopausal HRT have become more fully defined. Review of randomized controlled trials indicates that the risks of primary prevention therapies and other medications commonly used in women's health are of similar type and magnitude, with the majority of these risks ca...
Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society - May 20, 2013 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Howard N. Hodis, Wendy J. Mack Tags: Updates on Aging Source Type: research

Hormone therapy not recommended for chronic disease prevention in menopausal women
Commentary on: Nelson HD, Walker M, Zakher B, et al.. Menopausal hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions: a systematic review to update the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:104–13. Context In 2005, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its 2002 hormone replacement therapy recommendations, advising against the routine use of oestrogen and progestin (E+P) and unopposed oestrogen (E) to prevent chronic conditions in menopausal women. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) had been commonly prescribed to prevent conditions such as cardiovascula...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - May 15, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Wenger, N. K. Tags: Pancreas and biliary tract, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Dementia, Stroke, Contraception, Drugs: obstetrics and gynaecology, Menopause (including HRT), Ischaemic heart disease, Venous thromboembolism, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Source Type: research

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