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Source: Cancer Research
Education: Conferences
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Total 56 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract B22: Increased phosphorylation of eIF4E induces resistance to treatment with mTOR inhibitors together with AR antagonists in advanced prostate cancer
The anti-androgen bicalutamide is widely used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (CaP) in many countries, but its effect on castration resistant CaP (CRPC) is limited. We previously showed that resistance to bicalutamide results from increased activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR); indicating a role for mTOR inhibitors in CaP treatment. Interestingly, a clinical trial testing combinations of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 with bicalutamide were initially effective (PSA decline>50%) in 62.5% CRPC patients, but many initial responders later developed resistance. Here we investigate causes for their di...
Source: Cancer Research - March 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Leandro S. D'Abronzo, Michael Crapuchettes, Ryan Beggs, Ruth Vinall, Clifford Tepper, Salma Siddiqui, Maria Mudryj, Frank Melgoza, Blythe Durbin-Johnson, Ralph deVere White, Paramita Ghosh Tags: Small Molecule Drugs Selectively Targeting Translation Specialized for the Cancer Cell Source Type: research
Abstract IA05: Regulation of Ras proteins and their effectors
Ras proteins regulate multiple phenotypes, including proliferation, contact inhibition, cell motility, metabolism, and genome integrity. This range of phenotypes may relate to the number of different effector pathways that Ras activates. The best validated of these is the Raf/MAPK pathway. Ras proteins can activate PI 3-kinase pathways directly, though this seems to vary between tissue types. Ras proteins bind and activate RalGDS, but this pathway is less well understood. In addition to these three major pathways, Ras proteins in their GTP state interact directly with several other potential effectors.Analysis of the contr...
Source: Cancer Research - March 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tina Yuan, Frank McCormick Tags: Oncogenic Signals Translate the Cancer Genome Source Type: research
Abstract B05: The RNA-binding protein HuR enhances exosome secretion in colorectal cancer
Enhanced secretion of exosomes by cancer cells is recognized as a means of transferring oncogenic information within the tumor microenvironment. Through their ability to carry specific RNA and protein cargo, tumor-derived exosomes are now being recognized for their ability to impact the tumor microenvironment and as promising cancer biomarkers. However, our knowledge of the cellular factors that promote increased exosome production from tumor cells and how they impact the loading of specific tumor-promoting RNA cargo is limited. Our prior work has established that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tumors overexpress the ke...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ranjan Preet, Wei-Ting Hung, Shufei Zhuang, Lane K. Christenson, Dan A. Dixon Tags: Screening and Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract B16: Activation of NRF2 and adaptive resistance to chemotherapy
Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a member of the cap ‘n’ collar family of bZIP transcription factors, confers protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is of great interest in cancer research, due to its role in response to chemotherapy, including the class of drugs targeting thymidylate synthase (TYMS). It has long been known that inhibition of TYMS leads to depletion of thymidine levels and the onset of programmed cell death, deriving from the enzyme's function as the sole de novo source of thymidine for DNA replication and repair. Exposing cells to TYMS inhibitors such as fluorop...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sarah A. Clinton, Karen W. Barbour, Franklin G. Berger Tags: New Therapeutic Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Source Type: research
Abstract B42: Silencing of DNA repair proteins with ECO/siRNA nanoparticles for the enhancement of radiation response in glioblastoma
In this study we investigate the use of these nanoparticles to deliver siRNA to inhibit ATM and DNApk activity and enhance radiation response in both glioma and glioma stem cell lines.Established glioma (U251) and glioma stem cell (NSC11) lines were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ECO nanoparticle delivery of siRNA in vitro . Cellular uptake of ECO nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent siRNA was assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy, demonstrating the rapid uptake of ECO/siRNA nanoparticles in comparison to commercially available transfection agents. Protein and mRNA analyses revealed the kinetics ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jennifer A. Lee, Nadia Ayat, Anita Tandle, Zheng-Rong Lu, Kevin Camphausen Tags: Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Source Type: research
Abstract B45: Silencing ss3 integrin by targeted ECO/siRNA nanoparticles inhibits EMT and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subcategory of breast cancer and currently lacks well-defined molecular targets for effective targeted therapies. Disease relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance render standard chemotherapy ineffective in the treatment of TNBC. Because previous studies coupled β3 integrin (ITGB3) to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, we exploited β3 integrin as a therapeutic target to treat TNBC by delivering β3 integrin siRNA via lipid ECO-based nanoparticles (ECO/...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jenny G. Parvani, Maneesh D. Gujrati, Margaret A. Mack, William P. Schiemann, Zheng-Rong Lu Tags: Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Source Type: research
Abstract B57: RNAi Nanotechnology for Cancer Target Validation and Therapy
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for identification and validation of putative therapeutic targets, and for treatment of a myriad of important human diseases including cancer. The ubiquitous application of RNAi in cancer research and therapy is nevertheless hindered by the challenge of effective systemic in vivo delivery of RNAi agents (e.g., siRNA) to solid tumors, which requires overcoming of multiple physiological barriers, such as enzymatic degradation, rapid elimination by renal excretion or by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), poor tumor penetration, and insufficient cellular uptake and e...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jinjun Shi Tags: Tumor Immunology/Immunotherapy Source Type: research
Abstract A30: Characterizing the non-linear dependency of the CDK5-Rb axis in non-small cell lung cancer
In spite of recent therapeutics advances and early detection, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. The five-year survival rates for its two major subtypes, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are estimated to be 6% and 18%, respectively. This high mortality is due to its aggressive nature even when detected at an early stage. Besides its aggressive nature and tendency for early metastasis, another feature of lung cancer is the inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) that is observed in both lung cancer subtypes. NSCLC exhibits Rb inactivation...
Source: Cancer Research - January 15, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jaileene Perez-Morales, Mauricio Cabrera-Rios, Jonathan Gonzalez-Flores, Pedro Santiago-Cardona Tags: Systems Biology Source Type: research
Abstract B08: ER chaperone GRP78 increases chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Conclusions: Collectively, our data show that GRP78 expression promotes chemoresistance in PDAC and therapeutic strategies blocking the activity of GRP78 increase the efficacy of currently available therapies.Citation Format: Jenifer B. Gifford, Wei Huang, Ann E. Zeleniak, Antreas Hindoyan, Hong Wu, Timothy R. Donahue, Reginald Hill.{Authors}. ER chaperone GRP78 increases chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jenifer B. Gifford, Wei Huang, Ann E. Zeleniak, Antreas Hindoyan, Hong Wu, Timothy R. Donahue, Reginald Hill Tags: Molecular Drivers of Pancreatic Cancer Biology and Metastasis Source Type: research
Abstract A35: SOX9 induces chemo-resistance in pancreatic cancer cells and its high expression predicts poor prognosis
Conclusions: These data indicate that Sox9 plays an important role in chemo-resistance by the induction of stemness in pancreatic cancer cells.Citation Format: Shingo Kagawa, Taku Higasihara, Hideyuki Yoshitomi, Shigetsugu Takano, Hiroaki Shimizu, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Atsushi Kato, Katsunori Furukawa, Masaru Miyazaki.{Authors}. SOX9 induces chemo-resistance in pancreatic cancer cells and its high expression predicts poor prognosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 S...
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shingo Kagawa, Taku Higasihara, Hideyuki Yoshitomi, Shigetsugu Takano, Hiroaki Shimizu, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Atsushi Kato, Katsunori Furukawa, Masaru Miyazaki Tags: Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract A41: GPRC5A acts as a potent oncogene in pancreatic cancer
Conclusions: Our results indicate that GPRC5A acts as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Unexpectedly, gemcitabine was found to increase GPRC5A's mRNA and protein levels. We showed that this increase is mediated by HuR, a known enabler of gemcitabine efficacy, through a direct interaction between HuR and GPRC5A’s mRNA. It appears that the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine can be augmented through down-regulation of GPRC5A.Citation Format: Honglei Zhou, Aristeidis Telonis, Yi Jing, Masaya Jimbo, Fernando Blanco, Eric Londin, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos.{Authors}. GPRC5A acts as a potent oncogene i...
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Honglei Zhou, Aristeidis Telonis, Yi Jing, Masaya Jimbo, Fernando Blanco, Eric Londin, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos Tags: Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract B60: Targeting the polyamine addiction of pancreatic cancers: Combination therapies and biomarkers
This project developed a combination therapy which inhibits both polyamine transport and biosynthesis in an effort to target the polyamine addiction of pancreatic cancers. Several parameters were measured in six human pancreatic cell lines (L3.6pl, Panc-1, BxPC3, AsPC-1, Capan-1 and HPNE) and one murine line (Pan02). These included the kinetics of 3H-spermidine uptake (Vmax and Km values), the 72h IC50 value for difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis), and the ability of exogenous spermidine to rescue the viability of DFMO-treated cells. DFMO has a mixed clinical history and cancers often esc...
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Otto Phanstiel IV, Meenu Madan, Arjun Patel, Kristen Skruber, Deborah A. Altomare Tags: Molecular Drivers of Pancreatic Cancer Biology and Metastasis Source Type: research
Abstract A67: TFF (Trefoil Factor Family) is a novel tumor suppressor and can be the therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
Conclusion: TFF1 and TFF2 act as tumor suppressor in pancreatic carcinogenesis in a different manner, and they can be a novel therapeutic target for PDAC.Citation Format: Junpei Yamaguchi, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Toshio Kokuryo, Masato Nagino.{Authors}. TFF (Trefoil Factor Family) is a novel tumor suppressor and can be the therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
Source: Cancer Research - December 13, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Junpei Yamaguchi, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Toshio Kokuryo, Masato Nagino Tags: Early Detection Source Type: research
Abstract B05: N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism and ubiquitin-proteasome system in cancer
Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that NDRG2 is a critical regulator of lipid metabolism and proteasome activity. NDRG2 inhibits the proteasome activity probably by interacting with Nrf1 and promoting its downregulation.Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.Citation Format: Libo Yao, Xia Li, Xiping Liu, Yi Ru, Mei Zhang. N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism and ubiquitin-proteasome system in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadel...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yao, L., Li, X., Liu, X., Ru, Y., Zhang, M. Tags: Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research
Abstract C05: Pulmonary laminin 332 in tumor cell migration and breast cancer survival
Metastasis to the lung often leads to the demise of the patient, thus a greater understanding of the process might lead to strategies for better cancer control. Tumor cell metastatic ability is determined by both intrinsic properties of tumor cells and contributions from the microenvironment. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 332 (LN332) in breast cancer progression. Because tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesize that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. In order to better characterize the interaction of brea...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carpenter, P. M., Sivadas, P., Ziogas, A., Anton-Culver, H. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Source Type: research
