• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

An Ensemble Strategy to Predict Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer Based on Gene Modules
Conclusion Considering the heterogeneity and complexity of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated a new method to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer based on the clustering information and gene co-expression network in each subtype of cancer patients. We divided the ovarian cancer data into three subtypes by clustering analysis and we found that the survival risks in these three subtypes were significantly different. We mined the important communities based on the co-expression networks in each subtype. There are 50, 73, and 92 communities in the first, second and third subtype, respectively. Next, we constructed a new ense...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 23, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Abstract C05: Pulmonary laminin 332 in tumor cell migration and breast cancer survival
Metastasis to the lung often leads to the demise of the patient, thus a greater understanding of the process might lead to strategies for better cancer control. Tumor cell metastatic ability is determined by both intrinsic properties of tumor cells and contributions from the microenvironment. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 332 (LN332) in breast cancer progression. Because tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesize that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. In order to better characterize the interaction of brea...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carpenter, P. M., Sivadas, P., Ziogas, A., Anton-Culver, H. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Source Type: research

Abstract A35: WNT4 signaling mediates endocrine response and resistance in invasive lobular carcinoma cells
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological subtype of breast cancer, affecting ~30,000 U.S. women annually. Over 90% of ILC are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, however, endocrine therapy may have poorer efficacy in a subset of ILC patients compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. Based on these observations, we assessed genome-wide ER-mediated gene expression and ER genomic binding in ILC cell lines MDA MB 134VI (MM134) and SUM44PE (44PE), to identify novel mediators of ER signaling and putative therapeutic targets specifically in ILC.Among ILC-specific estrogen-regulated genes, the most strongly indu...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 29, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sikora, M. J., Bahreini, A., Alexander, C. M., Oesterreich, S. Tags: Luminal Breast Cancer: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract B05: WHSC1L1 and estrogen-independent activation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER{alpha}) in 8p11 amplicon-bearing cell lines
The 8p11-p12 genomic region is amplified in 15% of breast cancers and 21% of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and is associated with poorer prognosis. This genomic region harbors several oncogenes, three of which are epigenetic modifiers of chromatin (WHSC1L1, KAT6A, ASH2L). WHSC1L1 is a histone methyltransferase (HMT) that is expressed in 2 isoforms. The long isoform (WH-long) encompasses the entire coding region and is associated with dimethylation of lysine 36 on histone 3 (H3K36me2) to facilitate transcriptional elongation. The short isoform (WH-short) is produced by alternative splicing at exon 10, resulting in a ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mills, J. N., Irish, J., Turner-Ivey, B., Ethier, S. P. Tags: Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Source Type: research

Abstract A24: PBRM1 alteration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma increases tumorigenicity through ALDH1A1 upregulation
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which PBRM1 functions as a tumor suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PBRM1, also known as BAF180 or Polybromo, is a member of the PBAF SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Cancer sequencing studies have revealed that SWI/SNF components are widely mutated in cancer. PBRM1 mutations in particular are found in ~40% of ccRCC tumors, making it the second most highly mutated gene in ccRCC (behind VHL). Although many recent studies have looked at how other SWI/SNF components function in cancer control, relatively little is known about the tumor suppressive mecha...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schoenfeld, D., Su, W., Zairis, S., Mathur, D., Rabadan, R., Parsons, R. Tags: Chromatin Organization Source Type: research

Abstract B43: Dose and context-dependent roles for Arid1a in liver tumorigenesis
Frequent Arid1a loss-of-function mutations suggest tumor suppressive roles, but the functional impact of Arid1a and SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling aberrations in human cancer are not clear. Liver-specific Arid1a knockout mice do not develop cancer after 15 months and surprisingly, homozygous mice are potently protected from diethylnitrosamine (DEN) + carbon tetrachloride induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This is likely due to the fact that Arid1a deficient livers are resistant to chemical damage in a Cytochrome P450 dependent fashion. To determine if genetic drivers of cancer might reveal additional roles for Arid1a, w...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sun, X., Wang, S., Nguyen, L., Zhu, H. Tags: Epigenetic Cancer Therapies Source Type: research

Abstract C145: Targeted radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through ADAM17 inhibition
Conclusions: These findings implicate that radiotherapy significantly activates ADAM17 in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, which results in shedding of multiple survival factors, growth factor pathway activation and contributes to treatment resistance. We provide a sound rationale for repositioning ADAM17 inhibitors as short-term adjuvants to improve the radiotherapy outcome of NSCLC.Citation Format: Ashish Sharma, Sabine Bender, Oliver Riesterer, Angela Broggini-Tenzer, Martin Pruschy. Targeted radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through ADAM17 inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sharma, A., Bender, S., Riesterer, O., Broggini-Tenzer, A., Pruschy, M. Tags: Radiotherapeutics: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract B68: Screening for the compound that induces cell death selectively in {beta}-catenin mutant tumor cells
The Wnt signal transduction pathway plays a central role for the cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. β-catenin, a component of Wnt pathway, translocates to nucleus and forms an active complex with TCF4, leading to activate cell growth signaling, and this activity is tightly regulated by the "destruction complex" consisting of Axin, APC, GSK3β and CK1α. However, when β-catenin is actively mutated, this cell growth signaling would be hyperactive and drive oncogenesis. As β-catenin is mutated in up to 10% of all sporadic colon carcinomas resulting from point mutations or in-frame delet...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shikata, Y., Kiga, M., Tashiro, E., Imoto, M. Tags: Drug Screening: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract B166: A RNA helicase siRNA screen to identify potential therapeutic targets in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) are resistant to androgen-deprivation therapies commonly used to treat carcinoma of the prostate, resulting in death from this disease. CRPC can remain AR-driven through upregulation of the expression of wild-type, mutated or alternatively spliced constitutively active AR. Targeting both full-length AR and AR splice variants may overcome endocrine resistance. Since RNA helicases play crucial roles in various aspects of RNA metabolism including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, RNA export and RNA decay, we evaluated potentially druggable RNA helicases implicated in t...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, H., de Billy, E., de Bono, J., Workman, P. Tags: Target Identification and Validation: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Abstract A1-05: Elucidation of epigenetic driver genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using a newly developed assay, AcceSssIble
Conclusions: Our study revealed a vast number of chromatin accessibility and accompanying gene expression changes that occur in gene promoters in the development of ccRCC, both dependent and independent of DNA methylation changes. Each individual tumor has a unique profile of epigenetic alterations. Moreover, almost none of the genes that were found to undergo epigenetic and resulting gene expression changes overlap with TCGA's findings of commonly mutated genes in ccRCC. Overall, these studies represent novel approaches that can help identify new therapeutic target genes and treatment strategies for ccRCC, including perso...
Source: Cancer Research - November 15, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Becket, E. C., Duymich, C., Chang, Y.-W., Pandiyan, K., Nichols, P., Jones, P., Gill, I., Liang, G. Tags: Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Source Type: research

Abstract A49: Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment affect growth, invasiveness, and drug response of human pancreatic cancer cells
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a 5-year overall survival of less than 5%. Tumor drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine, is often a significant contributor to poor overall survival. One of the common mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance is activation of cell signaling via increased phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated kinase (MAP) kinases, leading to increased tumor survival and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. A growing body of evidence suggests that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction axis in the tumor microenvironment is an important mediator ...
Source: Cancer Research - June 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sanani, A. A., Patel, B., Duarte, A., Bansal, N., Bhagat, T., Rattigan, Y., Maitra, A., Verma, A., Banerjee, D. Tags: Inflammation/Stroma Source Type: research

Abstract A62: TGF-{beta} regulates CXCL1 expression in mammary carcinoma associated fibroblasts through novel Smad2/3- and HGF/c-Met-dependent mechanisms.
CXCL1 is a chemokine secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and plays a role in inflammation and wound healing. Enhanced expression of CXCL1 in tumor epithelium is associated with cell invasion, angiogenesis in melanoma, bladder, ovarian and breast cancer. However, little is known about CXCL1 expression in tumor stroma. Through analysis of gene expression data, our studies reveal that high RNA levels of CXCL1 in breast tumor stroma is associated with increased rate of recurrence and shorter relapse-free survival. We noticed decreased secretion levels of TGF-β and increased secretion of CXC...
Source: Cancer Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zou, A., Lambert, D., Yeh, H., Fang, W. B., Cheng, N. Tags: Translational and Therapeutic Potential of the Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research

Abstract A36: Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma
Conclusions: ILK is highly expressed in advanced RCC and its high expression is related to EMT-related protein in RCC. Knockdown of ILK inhibited molecular EMT markers and suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in orthotopic tumor model. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition on invasion and metastasis in advanced RCC.Citation Format: Han Kyung Seok, Raven Peter, Awrey Shannon, Li Estelle, Fazli Ladan, Gleave Martin, So Alan. Knockdown of integrin-linked kinase reduces invasive and metastatic potential of renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Specia...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - November 13, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seok, H. K., Peter, R., Shannon, A., Estelle, L., Ladan, F., Martin, G., Alan, S. Tags: Target Discovery and Validation: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research