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Source: Cancer Research
Cancer: Carcinoma
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Total 134 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract P5-08-24: How do real-world treatment patterns compare to guideline recommendations for first-line metastatic breast cancer patients in US community clinics?
Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for breast cancer. The association of alcohol consumption and breast cancer is more pronounced in ER+ cases than in ER- cases. However, this molecular mechanism remains to be determined. Deregulation of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription enhances cellular tRNAs and 5S rRNA production, increasing translational capacity to promote cell transformation and tumor formation. Our results reveal that alcohol increases Pol III gene transcription in both normal and cancer breast cell lines. The induction of Pol III genes by alcohol ...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: L Chu, B Yoo, G Carrigan, C Lai, M Beattie, C Reyes Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract P6-08-07: Gain and amplification of RAC1 GTP-ase in BC: Explaining alterations in patients by experiments using TNBC model
We reported that Wnt-beta-catenin pathway (WP) that signals metastasis (BMC Cancer, 2013), is one of the salient genetic features of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (PlosOne, 2013).AIM: We demonstrated that TNBC cells acquire integrin-directed metastasis-associated (ID-MA) phenotypes following an upregulation of the WP (Oncotarget, In Press). Here we examined how WP signals are transduced in the context of ID-MA phenotypes in TNBC.METHOD: We documented gain and amplification of RAC1 gene in Breast Invasive Carcinoma subtypes from cBioPortal. The outcome for RFS was studied in the Hungarian ER-ve BC cohort.Mechanistica...
Source: Cancer Research - February 13, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: N Dey, JH Carlson, T Jepperson, S Willis, P De, B Leyland-Jones Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Birinapant and Radiation in HNSCC
Comparison of tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) harbor the most frequent genomic amplifications of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), with or without Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing BIRC2 (cIAP1), affecting about 30% of patients in association with worse prognosis. Here, we identified HNSCC cell lines harboring FADD/BIRC2 amplifications and overexpression by exome sequencing, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. In vitro, FADD or BIRC2 siRNA knockdown inhibited HNSCC displaying amplification and increased expression of these genes, supporti...
Source: Cancer Research - September 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eytan, D. F., Snow, G. E., Carlson, S., Derakhshan, A., Saleh, A., Schiltz, S., Cheng, H., Mohan, S., Cornelius, S., Coupar, J., Sowers, A. L., Hernandez, L., Mitchell, J. B., Annunziata, C. M., Chen, Z., Van Waes, C. Tags: Therapeutics, Targets, and Chemical Biology Source Type: research
Abstract C05: Pulmonary laminin 332 in tumor cell migration and breast cancer survival
Metastasis to the lung often leads to the demise of the patient, thus a greater understanding of the process might lead to strategies for better cancer control. Tumor cell metastatic ability is determined by both intrinsic properties of tumor cells and contributions from the microenvironment. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 332 (LN332) in breast cancer progression. Because tumor cell motility is a requirement for metastasis, we hypothesize that lung tissue harbors substances that induce tumor cell migration. In order to better characterize the interaction of brea...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carpenter, P. M., Sivadas, P., Ziogas, A., Anton-Culver, H. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Source Type: research
Abstract B37: Targeting tumor-stroma metabolic symbiosis for head and neck cancer therapy
Despite aggressive therapies, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which affects 50,000 new patients annually in the United States, is associated with less than 50% 5-year survival. HNSCC tumors display increased glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen. Consequently, there is an increase in lactic acid (LA) production. However, the effect of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms whereby HNSCC tumors survive in highly acidic conditions remain unknown. HNSCC consist of up to 80% tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs). We previously reported that activation of receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met, ...
Source: Cancer Research - July 27, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kumar, D., Vishwakarma, V., New, J., Gutierrez, W., Chavan, H., Kasturi, P., Tawfik, O., Girod, D., Houten, B. V., Leef, G., Joshi, R., Shelton, S., Straub, J., Shnayder, Y., Kakarala, K., Tsue, T., Lin, F., Dasari, S., Thomas, S. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolic Adaptations Source Type: research
Abstract P3-04-02: Invasive lobular carcinoma cell lines utilize WNT4 signaling to mediate estrogen-induced growth
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological subtype of breast cancer representing 10-15% of newly diagnosed breast tumors. Over 90% of ILC are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, however, endocrine response and estrogen signaling are not well understood in ILC. Retrospective analyses suggest that ILC patients treated with endocrine therapy have poorer outcomes than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients, and that ILC patients may not benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that ER regulates unique signaling pathways in ILC cells that control growth and endocrine response.To identi...
Source: Cancer Research - February 18, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sikora, M., Oesterreich, S. Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research
Abstract B05: WHSC1L1 and estrogen-independent activation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER{alpha}) in 8p11 amplicon-bearing cell lines
The 8p11-p12 genomic region is amplified in 15% of breast cancers and 21% of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) and is associated with poorer prognosis. This genomic region harbors several oncogenes, three of which are epigenetic modifiers of chromatin (WHSC1L1, KAT6A, ASH2L). WHSC1L1 is a histone methyltransferase (HMT) that is expressed in 2 isoforms. The long isoform (WH-long) encompasses the entire coding region and is associated with dimethylation of lysine 36 on histone 3 (H3K36me2) to facilitate transcriptional elongation. The short isoform (WH-short) is produced by alternative splicing at exon 10, resulting in a ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mills, J. N., Irish, J., Turner-Ivey, B., Ethier, S. P. Tags: Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
Abstract A24: PBRM1 alteration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma increases tumorigenicity through ALDH1A1 upregulation
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which PBRM1 functions as a tumor suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PBRM1, also known as BAF180 or Polybromo, is a member of the PBAF SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Cancer sequencing studies have revealed that SWI/SNF components are widely mutated in cancer. PBRM1 mutations in particular are found in ~40% of ccRCC tumors, making it the second most highly mutated gene in ccRCC (behind VHL). Although many recent studies have looked at how other SWI/SNF components function in cancer control, relatively little is known about the tumor suppressive mecha...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Schoenfeld, D., Su, W., Zairis, S., Mathur, D., Rabadan, R., Parsons, R. Tags: Chromatin Organization Source Type: research
Abstract B43: Dose and context-dependent roles for Arid1a in liver tumorigenesis
Frequent Arid1a loss-of-function mutations suggest tumor suppressive roles, but the functional impact of Arid1a and SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling aberrations in human cancer are not clear. Liver-specific Arid1a knockout mice do not develop cancer after 15 months and surprisingly, homozygous mice are potently protected from diethylnitrosamine (DEN) + carbon tetrachloride induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This is likely due to the fact that Arid1a deficient livers are resistant to chemical damage in a Cytochrome P450 dependent fashion. To determine if genetic drivers of cancer might reveal additional roles for Arid1a, w...
Source: Cancer Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sun, X., Wang, S., Nguyen, L., Zhu, H. Tags: Epigenetic Cancer Therapies Source Type: research
Th17 Recruitment via Cervical Cancer-Instructed Fibroblasts
In this study, we demonstrate that CCL20 was predominantly expressed in the stroma of cervical squamous cell carcinomas in situ. This correlated with stromal infiltration of CD4+/IL17+ cells and with advancing International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Furthermore, we show that cervical cancer cells instructed primary cervical fibroblasts to produce high levels of CCL20 and to attract CD4/IL17/CCR6-positive cells, generated in vitro, in a CCL20/CCR6-dependent manner. Further mechanistic investigations identified cervical cancer cell–derived IL6 as an important mediator of paracrine CCL20 inductio...
Source: Cancer Research - December 14, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Walch–Ruckheim, B., Mavrova, R., Henning, M., Vicinus, B., Kim, Y.–J., Bohle, R. M., Juhasz–Boss, I., Solomayer, E.–F., Smola, S. Tags: Microenvironment and Immunology Source Type: research
Abstract A1-05: Elucidation of epigenetic driver genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using a newly developed assay, AcceSssIble
Conclusions: Our study revealed a vast number of chromatin accessibility and accompanying gene expression changes that occur in gene promoters in the development of ccRCC, both dependent and independent of DNA methylation changes. Each individual tumor has a unique profile of epigenetic alterations. Moreover, almost none of the genes that were found to undergo epigenetic and resulting gene expression changes overlap with TCGA's findings of commonly mutated genes in ccRCC. Overall, these studies represent novel approaches that can help identify new therapeutic target genes and treatment strategies for ccRCC, including perso...
Source: Cancer Research - November 15, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Becket, E. C., Duymich, C., Chang, Y.-W., Pandiyan, K., Nichols, P., Jones, P., Gill, I., Liang, G. Tags: Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Source Type: research
Abstract 37: Role and regulation of CYP24A1 in endometrial cancer
The cytochrome P450 enzyme, 24-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP24A1 is critical for the catabolism of 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol). The unbalanced high levels of CYP24A1 seem to be a determinant of calcitriol resistance in tumors. We have previously shown that progesterone enhances calcitriol antitumor activity by upregulating vitamin D receptor expression and promoting apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated CYP24A1 protein expression in normal and endometrial tumor tissues, assessed the effect of progesterone and calcitriol on CYP24A1 and its spliced variant expression in endometrial cancer cell ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bokhari, A. A., Lee, L. R., Dewayne, R., Hamilton, C. A., Maxwell, G. L., Rodriguez, G. C., Syed, V. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 8: Differential roles of OCT3/4, SOX2 and NANOG for constitutive high NOXA expression levels in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells
Recently we found that hypersensitivity of embryonal carcinoma (EC) to chemotherapy is mediated by high constitutive levels of NOXA protein. This pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein primes EC cells to undergo rapid and massive apoptosis in response to p53 activation. Both hypersensitivity as well as high NOXA protein levels were lost upon differentiation in these cells. We here investigated the role of three key regulators of pluripotency, namely OCT3/4, SOX2 and NANOG for NOXA protein and transcript (PMAIP1) expression in two EC cell lines, the pluripotent NTERA-2D1 and the nullipotent 2102EP. We found that siRNA-mediated sile...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bayha, C., Gutekunst, M., Aulitzky, W. E., van der Kuip, H. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 20: Honokiol radiosensitizes squamous cells carcinoma of head and neck by down-regulation of survivin
Conclusions: Survivin is a negative prognostic factor in SCCHN, and is involved in DNA damage response and repair induced by IR in SCCHN cells. Down regulation of survivin by honokiol enhances the efficacy of IR, and may provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in SCCHN. (This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute award P50 CA128613, and GCC Distinguished Cancer Scholar to Dong M. Shin, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, and Jonathan J Beitler)Citation Format: Xu Wang, Jonathan J. Beitler, Wen Huang, Guoqing Qian, Kelly Magliocca, Jun Zhang, Sreenivas Nannapaneni, Sungjin Kim, Zhengj...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, X., Beitler, J. J., Huang, W., Qian, G., Magliocca, K., Zhang, J., Nannapaneni, S., Kim, S., Chen, Z., Nabil, S. F., Chen, Z. G., Arbiser, J. L., Shin, D. M. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 26: Suppression of E-cadherin mediates gallotannin-induced apoptosis in Hep G2 hepatocelluar carcinoma cells
Though gallotannin was known to have anti-oxidant and antitumor activity, the underlying antitumor mechanism of gallotannin still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, antitumor mechanism of gallotannin was elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Gallotannin significantly exerted cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and Chang hepatocellular carcinoma cells with the accumulation of the sub-G1 population and increase of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferasedUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells as an apoptotic feature. Also, gallotannin attenuated the expression of pro-caspase9, pro-caspase3, Bcl2 and integrin β1 ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kwon, H. Y., Jung, J. H., Lee, H. J., Jeong, M. S., Jung, D.-B., Kim, B., Lee, H., Kim, S.-H. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
