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DNA Barcoding in Forensic Entomology - Establishing a DNA Reference Library of Potentially Forensic Relevant Arthropod Species.
Abstract Throughout the years, DNA barcoding has gained in importance in forensic entomology as it leads to fast and reliable species determination. High-quality results, however, can only be achieved with a comprehensive DNA barcode reference database at hand. In collaboration with the Bavarian State Criminal Police Office, we have initiated at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology the establishment of a reference library containing arthropods of potential forensic relevance to be used for DNA barcoding applications. CO1-5P' DNA barcode sequences of hundreds of arthropods were obtained via DNA extraction, PCR ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 11, 2018 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Chimeno C, Morinière J, Podhorna J, Hardulak L, Hausmann A, Reckel F, Grunwald JE, Penning R, Haszprunar G Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

A Case of Insect Colonization Before the Death.
We report here the case of a woman, largely colonized by fly larvae, who has lain alive in her garden for four days prior to being rescued. Larvae were found on the conjunctivae, the bronchi, the rectum and vagina. The woman's death, two months later, was caused by tetanus. The consequences of myiasis on mPMI estimation are here discussed. In fact, despite she was still alive larvae, indicated and estimated age of 1.5-2.5 days, based on environmental and body temperature. PMID: 28261793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - March 5, 2017 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Vanin S, Bonizzoli M, Migliaccio ML, Buoninsegni LT, Bugelli V, Pinchi V, Focardi M Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Diurnal and Nocturnal Flight Activity of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a Rainforest Fragment in Brazil: Implications for the Colonization of Homicide Victims.
Abstract Nocturnal flight of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a controversial issue in forensic entomology. We performed two field experiments to investigate the diurnal and nocturnal activity of six blow fly species in a rainforest fragment in Brazil. Initially, nocturnal (17:30-05:30) versus diurnal (05:30-17:30) flight activity was investigated. Only 3.9% of adults were collected at night, mostly the native species Mesembrinella bicolor, and nocturnal oviposition did not occur. In the second experiment, collection of adults took place at the following intervals: 05:30-08:30, 08:30-11:30, 11:30-14:30, and ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - September 26, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Soares TF, Vasconcelos SD Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology.
Abstract The characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16-34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summa...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 31, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Yang YQ, Li XB, Shao RY, Lyu Z, Li HW, Li GP, Xu LZ, Wan LH Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Context Effects in Forensic Entomology and Use of Sequential Unmasking in Casework.
Abstract Context effects are pervasive in forensic science, and are being recognized by a growing number of disciplines as a threat to objectivity. Cognitive processes can be affected by extraneous context information, and many proactive scientists are therefore introducing context-minimizing systems into their laboratories. Forensic entomologists are also subject to context effects, both in the processes they undertake (e.g., evidence collection) and decisions they make (e.g., whether an invertebrate taxon is found in a certain geographic area). We stratify the risk of bias into low, medium, and high for the deci...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 4, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Archer MS, Wallman JF Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

The Effect of Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol(®) ) on the Development of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its Implications for Forensic Entomology.
This study investigated the potential effects of flunitrazepam (known as "date rape drug") on the developmental cycle of Chrysomya megacephala, an important forensic species, and their possible implications for the calculation of the PMI. A 1050 C. megacephala eggs were divided into five groups with seven replications each. The eggs were placed on artificial diet prepared with four drug concentrations of flunitrazepam (4, 8, 16, and 32 ng/g), besides the control group (prepared with water). Were evaluated the potential effects on development time, weight gain, and mortality during the cycles. The drug had no significant ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - May 2, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Baia TC, Campos A, Wanderley BM, Gama RA Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Blow Flies from Forest Fragments Embedded in Different Land Uses: Implications for Selecting Indicators in Forensic Entomology.
This study was conducted in 17 fragments across different landscapes in central Brazil. Different land cover type proportions were used to represent landscape structure. In total, 2334 specimens of nine species of Calliphoridae were collected. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and multicollinearity of the landscape data. The first component explained 70%, and it represented a gradient of forest-pasture land uses. Alien species showed a wide distribution in different fragments with no clear relationship between the abundance values and the scores of PCA axes, whereas native species occurred...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 6, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: de Souza MS, Pepinelli M, de Almeida EC, Ochoa-Quintero JM, Roque FO Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Forensic Use of A Subtropical Blowfly: The First Case Indicating Minimum Postmortem Interval (mPMI) in Southern Brazil and First Record of Sarconesia Chlorogaster from a Human Corpse.
Abstract Southern Brazil is unique due to its subtropical climate. Here, we report on the first forensic entomology case and the first record of Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann) in a human corpse in this region. Flies' samples were collected from a body indoors at 20°C. Four species were found, but only Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and S. chlorogaster were used to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI). The mPMI was calculated using accumulated degree hour (ADH) and developmental time. The S. chlorogaster puparium collected was light in color, so we used an experiment to establish a more accurate ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 25, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Vairo KP, Corrêa RC, Lecheta MC, Caneparo MF, Mise KM, Preti D, de Carvalho CJ, Almeida LM, Moura MO Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Forensic Entomology and the Estimation of the Minimum Time Since Death in Indoor Cases.
Abstract Eight cases that occurred indoors in which the insects played an important role in the mPMI estimation are presented. The bodies of socially isolated people and old people living alone were discovered in central Italy between June and November. mPMI ranged from a few days to several weeks. Insects were collected during the body recovery and the postmortem. Climatic data were obtained from the closest meteorological stations and from measurements performed on the site. Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae species were present in 75% of the cases with Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya albiceps collected in 50% of t...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 14, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Bugelli V, Forni D, Bassi LA, Di Paolo M, Marra D, Lenzi S, Toni C, Giusiani M, Domenici R, Gherardi M, Vanin S Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Correlation of Molecular Expression with Diel Rhythm of Oviposition in Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Implications for Forensic Entomology.
This study explored the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying blow fly nocturnal oviposition. A behavioral study revealed that Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) possesses a diel rhythm of oviposition in light under 12:12 light/dark conditions. Reversal to 12:12 dark/light resulted in oviposition behavior changing to align with the adjusted regime in most females, but four of 59 experimental females lacked a diel rhythm of oviposition (were arrhythmic). Real-time PCR was used to monitor the molecular expression levels of known circadian genes per and tim in C. vicina to determine whether ...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 3, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: George KA, Archer MS, Toop T Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

In Vitro Effects of Household Products on Calliphoridae Larvae Development: Implication for Forensic Entomology.
This study focuses on the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Meigen, 1826) on household chemical-contaminated substrates. bleach, perfume, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, insecticide, mosquito repellent, and gasoline in quantities consistent with an amount that could possibly be spilled on a corpse were mixed with beef liver to simulate contaminated fleshes. Larvae were bred at 25°C on these media until emergence. Four developmental parameters were followed: survival rates, development times, sex ratios, and adult sizes. Hydrochloric acid, insecticide, and gasoline killed all larvae. In low quantit...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 26, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Aubernon C, Devigne C, Hedouin V, Gosset D, Charabidze D Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Diversity of Forensic Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) Associated with Decaying Pig Carcass in a Forest Biotope.
Abstract Most forensic studies are focused on Diptera pattern colonization while neglecting Coleoptera succession. So far, little information is available on the postmortem colonization by beetles and the decomposition process they initiate under temperate biogeoclimatic countries. These beetles have, however, been referred to as being part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. Forensic entomologists need increased databases detailing the distribution, ecology, and phenology of necrophagous insects, including staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). While pig carcasses are commonly used in forensic ent...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - March 28, 2013 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Dekeirsschieter J, Frederick C, Verheggen FJ, Drugmand D, Haubruge E Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

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