Filtered By:
Nutrition: Vitamins
This page shows you your search results in order of date. This is page number 5.
Order by Relevance | Date
Total 41199 results found since Jan 2013.
Genomically anchored vitamin D receptor mediates an abundance of bioprotective actions elicited by its 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D hormonal ligand
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:313-383. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.008. Epub 2023 Jun 8.ABSTRACTThe nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the actions of its physiologic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) ligand produced in kidney and at extrarenal sites during times of physiologic and cellular stress. The ligand-receptor complex transcriptionally controls genes encoding factors that regulate calcium and phosphate sensing/transport, bone remodeling, immune function, and nervous system maintenance. With the aid of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), 1,25D/VDR primarily participates in an intricate netw...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mark R Haussler Carol A Haussler Peter W Jurutka Source Type: research
Structure-function relationships of the aldosterone receptor
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:285-312. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.007. Epub 2023 Jan 10.ABSTRACTThe cellular response to the adrenal steroid aldosterone is mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. The MR binds more than one physiological ligand with binding at the MR determined by pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoid ligands by 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. The MR has a wide tissue distribution with multiple roles beyond the classical role in electrolyte homeostasis including cardiovascular function, immune cell signalin...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Peter J Fuller Morag J Young Jun Yang Timothy J Cole Source Type: research
Unraveling corticotropin-releasing factor family-orchestrated signaling and function in both sexes
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:27-65. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.009. Epub 2023 Feb 14.ABSTRACTStress responses to physical, psychological, environmental, or cellular stressors, has two arms: initiation and recovery. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is primarily responsible for regulating and/or initiating stress responses via, whereas urocortins (UCNs) are involved in the recovery response to stress via feedback inhibition. Stress is a loaded, polysemous word and is experienced in a myriad of ways. Some stressors are good for an individual, in fact essential, whereas other stressors are associated with bad outcomes. Perceived s...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aditi Bhargava Source Type: research
Hepcidin and its multiple partners: Complex regulation of iron metabolism in health and disease
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:249-284. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.03.001. Epub 2023 Mar 30.ABSTRACTThe peptide hormone hepcidin is central to the regulation of iron metabolism, influencing the movement of iron into the circulation and determining total body iron stores. Its effect on a cellular level involves binding ferroportin, the main iron export protein, preventing iron egress and leading to iron sequestration within ferroportin-expressing cells. Hepcidin expression is enhanced by iron loading and inflammation and suppressed by erythropoietic stimulation. Aberrantly increased hepcidin leads to systemic iron deficiency and/or iron...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yelena Z Ginzburg Source Type: research
A structural perspective of liver X receptors
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:231-247. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.008. Epub 2023 Feb 6.ABSTRACTLiver X receptors α and β are members of the nuclear receptor family, which comprise a flexible N-terminal domain, a DNA binding domain, a hinge linker, and a ligand binding domain. Liver X receptors are important regulators of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis by controlling the transcription of numerous genes. Key to their transcriptional role is synergetic interaction among the domains. DNA binding domain binds on DNA; ligand binding domain is a crucial switch to control the transcription activity through conformational change caused...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jan- Åke Gustafsson Xian Chang Li Ji Ho Suh Xiaohua Lou Source Type: research
Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:187-230. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.010. Epub 2023 Mar 1.ABSTRACTElucidating how insulin and the related insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) bind to their cellular receptors (IR and IGF-1R) and how the receptors are activated has been the holy grail for generations of scientists. However, deciphering the 3D structure of tyrosine kinase receptors and their hormone-bound complexes has been complicated by the flexible and dimeric nature of the receptors and the dynamic nature of their interaction with hormones. Therefore, mutagenesis of hormones and kinetic studies first became an import...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ji ří Jiráček Irena Selicharov á Lenka Žáková Source Type: research
The three-dimensional structure of insulin and its receptor
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:151-185. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.001. Epub 2023 Jun 5.ABSTRACTInsulin is a peptide hormone essential for maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Individuals unable to secrete sufficient insulin or not able to respond properly to insulin develop diabetes. Since the discovery of insulin its structure and function has been intensively studied with the aim to develop effective diabetes treatments. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this 51 amino acid peptide paved the way for discoveries, outlined in this review, of determinants important for receptor binding and hormone stability that have bee...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Briony E Forbes Source Type: research
Growth hormone receptor gene disruption
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:109-149. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.004. Epub 2023 Aug 24.ABSTRACTMuch of our understanding of growth hormone's (GH)'s numerous activities stems from studies utilizing GH receptor (GHR) knockout mice. More recently, the role of GH action has been examined by creating mice with tissue-specific or temporal GHR disruption. To date, 37 distinct GHR knockout mouse lines have been created. Targeted tissues include fat, liver, muscle, heart, bone, brain, macrophage, intestine, hematopoietic stem cells, pancreatic β cells, and inducible multi-tissue "global" disruption at various ages. In this chapter, a summ...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Edward O List Silvana Duran-Ortiz Prateek Kulkarni Emily Davis Patricia Mora-Criollo Darlene E Berryman John J Kopchick Source Type: research
Signaling mechanism of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:1-26. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.004. Epub 2023 Jul 7.ABSTRACTThe hypothalamic peptide growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary through binding and activation of the pituitary type of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R), which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors with seven potential membrane-spanning domains. Splice variants of GHRH-Rs (SV) in human tumors and other extra pituitary tissues were identified and their cDNA was sequenced. Among the SVs, splice variant 1 (SV1) possesses the greatest similarity to the full-length GHRH-R an...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gabor Halmos Zsuzsanna Szabo Eva Juhasz Andrew V Schally Source Type: research
Preface
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:xxiii-xxiv. doi: 10.1016/S0083-6729(23)00068-7.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37718003 | DOI:10.1016/S0083-6729(23)00068-7
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gerald Litwack Source Type: research
Structures of the arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin receptor signaling complexes
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:67-107. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.003. Epub 2023 Jan 13.ABSTRACTArginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are neurohypophysial hormones which share a high sequence and structure homology. These are two cyclic C-terminally amidated nonapeptides with different residues at position 3 and 8. In mammals, AVP and OT exert their multiple biological functions through a specific G protein-coupled receptor family: four receptors are identified, the V1a, V1b, V2 receptors (V1aR, V1bR and V2R) and the OT receptor (OTR). The chemical structure of AVP and OT was elucidated in the early 1950s. Thanks to X-ray cry...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Julien Bous Aur élien Fouillen H élène Orcel S ébastien Granier Patrick Bron Bernard Mouillac Source Type: research
Structural dynamics of chemokine receptors
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:645-662. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.005. Epub 2023 Jun 26.ABSTRACTMembrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in awide range of physiological and pathological cellular processes. Binding of extracellular signals to GPCRs, including hormones, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins, can activate intracellular signaling cascades via G protein interaction. Chemokine receptors are key GPCRs implicated in cancers, immune responses, cell migration and inflammation. Specifically, the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors serve as important therapeutic targets against Human Immunod...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shristi Pawnikar Sana Akhter Yinglong Miao Source Type: research
Juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene tolerant: Functions and applications
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:619-644. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.03.002. Epub 2023 May 27.ABSTRACTDuring the past 15years, after confirming Methoprene tolerant (Met) as a juvenile hormone (JH) receptor, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the function of Met in supporting JH signal transduction. Met role in JH regulation of development, including metamorphosis, reproduction, diapause, cast differentiation, behavior, im`munity, sleep and epigenetic modifications, have been elucidated. Met's Heterodimeric partners involved in performing some of these functions were discovered. The availability of JH response elements (JH...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Subba Reddy Palli Source Type: research
Structure-function of DHEA binding proteins
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:587-617. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.002. Epub 2022 Dec 16.ABSTRACTDehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the most abundant circulating steroids and are precursors for active sex steroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone. DHEA has a broad range of reported effects in the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, and in the reproductive system. The mechanisms by which DHEA and DHEA-S initiate their biological effects are diverse. DHEA and DHEA-S may directly bind to plasma membrane (PM) receptors, i...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Barbara J Clark Carolyn M Klinge Source Type: research
Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:555-585. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005. Epub 2022 Dec 29.ABSTRACTFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogens are fundamental to support reproductive functions. Beside the well-known FSH membrane receptor (FSHR), a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been found, over the last two decades, in several tissues. It may trigger rapid, non-genomic responses of estradiol, activating proliferative and survival stimuli. The two receptors were co-characterized in the ovary, where they modulate different intracellular signaling cascades, according to the expression level and developmental stage of...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Livio Casarini Manuela Simoni Source Type: research
