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Specialty: Orthopaedics
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Total 785 results found since Jan 2013.
Understanding compensatory strategies for muscle weakness during gait by simulating activation deficits seen post-stroke
The objective of this study was to identify available compensatory strategies for muscle weakness during gait by simulating activation deficits in multiple muscle groups. Three dimensional dynamics simulations were created from 10 healthy subjects (48.8±13.3 years, self-selected speed 1.28±0.17m/s) and constraints were set on the activation capacity of the plantar flexor, dorsiflexor, and hamstrings muscle groups to simulate activation impairments seen post-stroke. When the muscle groups are impaired individually, the model requires that the plantar flexor, dorsiflexor, and hamstrings muscle groups are activated to at le...
Source: Gait and Posture - December 28, 2012 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Brian A. Knarr, Darcy S. Reisman, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, Jill S. Higginson Tags: Full length Articles Source Type: research
The influence of merged muscle excitation modules on post-stroke hemiparetic walking performance
Abstract: Background: Post-stroke subjects with hemiparesis typically utilize a reduced number of modules or co-excited muscles compared to non-impaired controls, with at least one module resembling the merging of two or more non-impaired modules. In non-impaired walking, each module has distinct contributions to important biomechanical functions, and thus different merged module combinations post-stroke may result in different functional consequences.Methods: Three-dimensional forward dynamics simulations were developed for non-impaired controls and two groups of post-stroke hemiparetic subjects with different merged modu...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - July 8, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jessica L. Allen, Steven A. Kautz, Richard R. Neptune Tags: Papers Source Type: research
The influence of locomotor rehabilitation on module quality and post-stroke hemiparetic walking performance
Highlights: ► Locomotor training resulted in improved timing of the ankle plantarflexor module. ► This allowed subjects to walk faster and more symmetrically. ► However, these improvements depended on the number of modules pre-therapy. ► Locomotor training can influence module organization leading to improved mobility.Abstract: Recent studies have suggested the biomechanical subtasks of walking can be produced by a reduced set of co-excited muscles or modules. Individuals post-stroke often exhibit poor inter-muscular coordination characterized by poor timing and merging of modules that are normally independent in h...
Source: Gait and Posture - March 14, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Rebecca L. Routson, David J. Clark, Mark G. Bowden, Steven A. Kautz, Richard R. Neptune Tags: Full Length Articles Source Type: research
The effect of post-stroke lower-limb spasticity on the control of standing balance: Inter-limb spatial and temporal synchronisation of centres of pressure
Abstract: Background: Challenges in stability control are common post-stroke. Although lower-limb spasticity is a common sensorimotor consequence post-stroke, its potential to further complicate stability control among stroke-survivors remains largely unknown. Advancing such understanding can help inform strategies to reduce fall risk and increase independence among these individuals. The purpose of this study was to characterise the extent of limb-specific dyscontrol among individuals with spasticity.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 131 patients assessed for spasticity was performed. Patients selected for inclusion we...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - August 12, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jonathan C. Singer, Avril Mansfield, Cynthia J. Danells, William E. McIlroy, George Mochizuki Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Functional recovery and rehabilitation of postural impairment and gait ataxia in patients with acute cerebellar stroke
Highlights: Abstract: Studies about recovery from cerebellar stroke are rare. The present study assessed motor deficits in the acute phase after isolated cerebellar stroke focusing on postural impairment and gait ataxia and outlines the role of lesion site on motor outcome, the course of recovery and the effect of treadmill training. 23 patients with acute and isolated cerebellar infarction participated. Deficits were quantified by ataxia scores and dynamic posturography in the acute phase and in a follow up after 2 weeks and 3 months. MRI data were obtained to correlate lesion site with motor performance. Half of the pati...
Source: Gait and Posture - October 11, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Uta Bultmann, Daniela Pierscianek, Elke R. Gizewski, Beate Schoch, Nicole Fritsche, Dagmar Timmann, Matthias Maschke, Markus Frings Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Can overestimation of walking ability increase the risk of falls in people in the subacute stage after stroke on their return home?
This study examined whether comparison between comfortable self-selected walking speed and maximum maintainable speed is informative with regard to the risk of falls in patients with stroke.Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 75 ambulant stroke patients. At discharge, the Barthel Index score and performance at the 10-m and 6-min walking tests were assessed. Number of falls was recorded by telephone interview every two months for one year. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors that were related to the risk of falls.Results: Using forward multiple linear regression, only the ratio between w...
Source: Gait and Posture - January 21, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: G. Morone, M. Iosa, L. Pratesi, S. Paolucci Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Effects of dual task on turning ability in stroke survivors and older adults
The ability to turn while walking, whether to avoid an obstacle or navigate corners, is an integral component of independent mobility. Turning accounts for as many as 45% of steps taken daily [1] and is a risky manoeuvre in which stroke survivors frequently fall [2]. Although falls while turning are more likely to be injurious than during other events [3] and stroke survivors’ are at high risk of injury from falling [4], few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying falls during turning following stroke.
Source: Gait and Posture - July 17, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: K.L. Hollands, D. Agnihotri, S.F. Tyson Source Type: research
Assessment of arm movements during gait in stroke – The Arm Posture Score
Approximately 80% of stroke survivors in Sweden experience walking problems three months post stroke [1]. Arm movements are often affected and recent research emphasizes that arm movements should be addressed during gait rehabilitation [2–4]. However, assessments used in stroke rehabilitation rarely evaluate arm movements during walking.
Source: Gait and Posture - July 4, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Gudrun M. Johansson, Gunilla E. Frykberg, Helena Grip, Eva W. Broström, Charlotte K. Häger Source Type: research
Effects of dual task on turning ability in stroke survivors and older adults
The ability to turn while walking, whether to avoid an obstacle or navigate corners, is an integral component of independent mobility. Turning accounts for as many as 45% of steps taken daily [1] and is a risky manoeuvre in which stroke survivors frequently fall [2]. Although falls while turning are more likely to be injurious than during other events [3] and stroke survivors’ are at high risk of injury from falling [4], few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying falls during turning following stroke.
Source: Gait and Posture - July 17, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: K.L. Hollands, D. Agnihotri, S.F. Tyson Source Type: research
Assessment of arm movements during gait in stroke – The Arm Posture Score
Approximately 80% of stroke survivors in Sweden experience walking problems three months post stroke [1]. Arm movements are often affected and recent research emphasizes that arm movements should be addressed during gait rehabilitation [2–4]. However, assessments used in stroke rehabilitation rarely evaluate arm movements during walking.
Source: Gait and Posture - July 4, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Gudrun M. Johansson, Gunilla E. Frykberg, Helena Grip, Eva W. Broström, Charlotte K. Häger Source Type: research
Comparison of Kinetic Strategies for avoidance of an Obstacle with either the Paretic or Non-Paretic as Leading Limb in Persons Post Stroke
A stroke can lead to various motor impairments, many of which affect locomotor function. The motor impairments following a stroke include muscle weakness, spasticity, and impaired coordination which lead to gait disturbances [1,2]. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of falls in this population [3] often resulting from changing the course of locomotion [4] or from overcoming obstacles in the path of locomotion [5–7]. The ability to successfully step over obstacles in stroke survivors increases when such training is included in a rehabilitation program [8,9].
Source: Gait and Posture - July 7, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Michael J. MacLellan, Carol L. Richards, Joyce Fung, Bradford J. McFadyen Source Type: research
Effects of ankle-foot orthoses on mediolateral foot-placement ability during post-stroke gait
Conclusion:
While ankle–foot orthosis–mediated equinovarus correction of the affected foot and ankle was not associated with improved biomechanics of walking (i.e. proximal ipsilateral hip kinematics or mediolateral foot-placement ability), it may affect other aspects of balance that were not tested in this study (e.g. proprioception, cerebellar, vestibular, and cognitive mechanisms).
Clinical relevance
Studies that investigate the effect of ankle–foot orthosis on gait can help advance stroke rehabilitation by documenting the specific gait benefits of ankle–foot orthosis use. In this study, we inve...
Source: Prosthetics and Orthotics International - September 16, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Zissimopoulos, A., Fatone, S., Gard, S. Tags: Original Research Reports Source Type: research
Association of trunk control with mobility performance and accelerometry-based gait characteristics in hemiparetic patients with subacute stroke
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease are leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability, and are the most common cause of the need for long-term care in Japan [1]. As well as upper- and lower-extremity impairments, trunk motor impairment also arises from stroke and follows the time course of the recovery [2,3]. Trunk control plays an important role in movement control and postural balance during functional activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that trunk control after stroke is closely associated with functional balance and activities of daily living [4–6], and is an important predictor of functional recovery [7–9].
Source: Gait and Posture - November 25, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Takuya Isho, Shigeru Usuda Source Type: research
Secondary stroke in patients with polytrauma and traumatic brain injury treated in an Intensive Care Unit, Karlovac General Hospital, Croatia
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is divided into primary and secondary brain injury. Primary brain injury occurs at the time of injury and is the direct consequence of kinetic energy acting on the brain tissue. Secondary brain injury occurs several hours or days after primary brain injury and is the result of factors including shock, systemic hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia or hyperthermia, intracranial hypertension, cerebral oedema, intracranial bleeding or inflammation. The aim of this retrospective analysis of a prospective database was to determine the prevalence of secondary stroke and stroke-related mortality, causes o...
Source: Injury - November 24, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: M. Belavić, E. Jančić, P. Mišković, A. Brozović-Krijan, B. Bakota, J. Žunić Source Type: research
