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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Total 46825 results found since Jan 2013.

Treatment of Highly Virulent Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Pneumonia With Bacteriophages*
Conclusions: Bacteriophage treatment was as effective as antibiotherapy to provide 100% survival rate in a lethal model of highly virulent E. coli pneumonia. Adaptation of a bacteriophage is a rapid solution to improve its efficacy toward specific strains. These results suggest that phage therapy could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - May 16, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Prevalence of rotaviral diarrhoea in under-five hospitalized children in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2015 Source:Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette Author(s): Rachita Sarangi , Shakti Rath , Mrutyunjay Dash , Birakishore Rath , Rajesh K. Lenka , Rabindra N. Padhy Background To monitor the prevalence of rotaviral diarrhoea in under-5 children (U5C) as a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital during 1year. Methods Suspected stool samples were diagnosed for rotavirus by an enzyme immunoassay kit. The same stool samples were diagnosed for the detection of any secondary bacterial infection through routine microbiological diagnosis. Results and conclusions Of the total ...
Source: Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette - May 19, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Clonidine Restores Pressor Responsiveness to Phenylephrine and Angiotensin II in Ovine Sepsis*
Conclusions: Administration of clonidine during hypotensive sepsis reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity, restored vascular sensitivity to both phenylephrine and angiotensin II, and resulted in better preservation of arterial pressure. Considering these findings, a clinical trial for the use of clonidine in the treatment of persistent vasopressor-refractory hypotension in patients with septic shock would be worthwhile.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - June 17, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Xenon Protects Against Septic Acute Kidney Injury via miR-21 Target Signaling Pathway*
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that xenon preconditioning protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury via activation of miR-21 target signaling pathways.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - June 17, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Circulating Histones Are Major Mediators of Cardiac Injury in Patients With Sepsis*
Objective: To investigate the impact of circulating histones on cardiac injury and dysfunction in a murine model and patients with sepsis. Design: Prospective, observational clinical study with in vivo and ex vivo translational laboratory investigations. Setting: General ICU and university research laboratory. Subjects: Sixty-five septic patients and 27 healthy volunteers. Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6N mice. Interventions: Serial blood samples from 65 patients with sepsis were analyzed, and left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography. Patients’ sera were incubated with cultured cardiomyocytes in the presen...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - September 18, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

Cortical and Medullary Tissue Perfusion and Oxygenation in Experimental Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Objectives: To determine whether there is a decrease in renal cortical or medullary perfusion and oxygenation in a conscious large animal model of hyperdynamic septic shock with acute kidney injury. Design: Interventional animal study. Setting: University-affiliated research institute. Subjects: Eight merino ewes. Interventions: Sheep were surgically instrumented with pulmonary and renal artery flow probes in the renal cortex and medulla, combination fiber-optic probes comprising a fluorescence optode to measure tissue PO2, and a laser-Doppler probe to assess tissue perfusion. Sepsis was induced by infusion of live Escheri...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - September 18, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment and Impact on Short-Term Mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection is associated with considerable mortality. Experimental models suggest a direct antistaphylococcal effect of acetylsalicylic acid, but evidence from human studies is scarce. We aimed to estimate the effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid therapy on mortality in bloodstream infections caused by S. aureus compared with Escherichia coli. Design: Retrospective cohort study based on observational data from 838 and 602 episodes of S. aureus and E. coli bloodstream infection, respectively. Setting: Swiss tertiary referral center. Patients: Adult patients with S. aureus a...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - March 15, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

Effects and Mechanisms by Which Hypercapnic Acidosis Inhibits Sepsis-Induced Canonical Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in the Lung
Conclusions: Hypercapnic acidosis reduced E. coli inflammation and lung injury in vivo and reduced nuclear factor-κB activation predominantly by inhibiting the activation and intrinsic activity of IκB kinase-β.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - March 15, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Triiodothyronine Administration in a Model of Septic Shock: A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial
Conclusions: A 24-hour infusion of triiodothyronine, with or without hydrocortisone, in an ovine model of septic shock did not markedly alter norepinephrine requirement or any other physiological parameter.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - May 17, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Clinical Investigations Source Type: research

A One-Nearest-Neighbor Approach to Identify the Original Time of Infection Using Censored Baboon Sepsis Data*
Conclusions: One nearest-neighbor analysis showed promise in accurately identifying the onset of infection given a database of known infection times and of sufficient breadth. We suggest that this approach is ready for evaluation within the clinical setting using human data.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - May 17, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Lung Functional and Biologic Responses to Variable Ventilation in Experimental Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Objectives: The biologic effects of variable ventilation may depend on the etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome. We compared variable and conventional ventilation in experimental pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. Settings: University research laboratory. Subjects: Twenty-four Wistar rats. Interventions: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administered intratracheally (pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, n = 12) or intraperitoneally (extrapulmonary acute...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - June 18, 2016 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Guidelines for Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Treatment Guidelines for Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Treatment
This article provides recommendations for the outpatient diagnosis and management of acute gastroenteritis in children.Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - December 19, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pediatrics Journal Article Source Type: news

Cryopreserved, Xeno-Free Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Lung Injury Severity and Bacterial Burden in Rodent Escherichia coli–Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that freshly thawed cryopreserved xeno-free human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reduce the severity of rodent E. coli–induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, therefore, represent an attractive option for future clinical trials in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - January 19, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigations Source Type: research

Is rotavirus still a major cause for diarrheal illness in hospitalized pediatric patients after rotavirus vaccine introduction in the Saudi national immunization program?
Abstract: Previous studies in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia, showed rotavirus (RV) prevalence around 40% in pediatric inpatients with gastroenteritis (GE) with a maximum level during cooler months. Currently, there are no data on impact of rotavirus vaccine (RVV) on RV-GE in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess impact of RVV on incidence and severity of RV-GE in hospitalized pediatric patients; 3 years after introduction of RVV in Saudi immunization program (SIP) in January, 2013. This cross-sectional observational study included GE cases under 5 years of age admitted to 2 tertiary hospitals, in Jedd...
Source: Medicine - April 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Observational Study Source Type: research

Cryopreserved, Xeno-Free Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Lung Injury Severity and Bacterial Burden in Rodent Escherichia coli-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Erratum
No abstract available
Source: Critical Care Medicine - April 15, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Errata Source Type: research