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Source: Frontiers in Physiology
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Total 282 results found since Jan 2013.
Exploration of Crucial Mediators for Carotid Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis Through Integration of Microbiome, Metabolome, and Transcriptome
ConclusionIn this study, we investigated the potential “microbiota–metabolite–gene” regulatory axis that may act on CAS, and our results may help to establish a theoretical basis for further specialized study of this disease.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 24, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Running Promotes Transformation of Brain Astrocytes Into Neuroprotective Reactive Astrocytes and Synaptic Formation by Targeting Gpc6 Through the STAT3 Pathway
Ischemic stroke is caused by cerebral ischemia upon the blockage of an artery, which results in a high disability rate. Little is known regarding the mechanism of astrocyte function in cerebral ischemia. We aimed to determine the effects of running on the transformation of astrocytes, and subsequent synapse formation. A study of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) after running in vivo showed that running can promote the transformation of astrocytes toward the neuroprotective phenotype. Our findings of oxygen-glucose deprived astrocytes in vitro after running revealed that these astrocytes transformed into the neuropro...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 21, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Prolonged Elevation of Arterial Stiffness Following Peak Aerobic Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Stroke
ConclusionThis was the first study to capture continuous changes in cfPWV following peak aerobic exercise in any clinical population. The present study revealed that cfPWV is elevated for 20 min after peak aerobic exercise in individuals with stroke, which was independent of heart rate. These findings suggest there may be autonomic imbalances in large arteries following peak intensity aerobic exercise in individuals with stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 17, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Subject-Specific Calculation of Left Atrial Appendage Blood-Borne Particle Residence Time Distribution in Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia that leads to thrombus formation, mostly in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The current standard of stratifying stroke risk, based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score, does not consider LAA morphology, and the clinically accepted LAA morphology-based classification is highly subjective. The aim of this study was to determine whether LAA blood-borne particle residence time distribution and the proposed quantitative index of LAA 3D geometry can add independent information to the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Data were collected from 16 AF subjects. Subject-specific measurements included le...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 11, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Gravity Threshold and Dose Response Relationships: Health Benefits Using a Short Arm Human Centrifuge
ConclusionThe comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation of the response to a range of graded AG loads, as compared to standing, in male and female subjects provides the dose-response framework that enables us to explore and validate the usefulness of the centrifuge as a medical device. It further allows its use in precisely selecting personalized gravity therapy (GT) as needed for treatment or rehabilitation of individuals confined to bed.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 11, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Systolic and Diastolic Functions After a Brief Acute Bout of Mild Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia
Acute hypoxia (AH) is a challenge to the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, especially during exercise. Research in this area is scarce. We aimed to ascertain whether echocardiographic, Doppler, and tissue Doppler measures were able to detect changes in systolic and diastolic functions during the recovery after mild exercise in AH. Twelve healthy males (age 33.5 ± 4.8 years) completed a cardiopulmonary test on an electromagnetically braked cycle-ergometer to determine their maximum workload (Wmax). On separate days, participants performed randomly assigned two exercise sessions consisting in 3 min pedalling at 30% ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The Differentiation in Image Post-processing and 3D Reconstruction During Evaluation of Carotid Plaques From MR and CT Data Sources
Conclusion: In this study, two-dimensional images and three-dimensional models of carotid plaques obtained by two angiographic techniques were compared. The potential of these two imaging methods in clinical diagnosis and fluid dynamics of carotid plaque was evaluated, and the selectivity of image post-processing analysis to original medical image acquisition was revealed.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Contrasting Measures of Cerebrovascular Reactivity Between MRI and Doppler: A Cross-Sectional Study of Younger and Older Healthy Individuals
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is used as an outcome measure of brain health. Traditionally, lower CVR is associated with ageing, poor fitness and brain-related conditions (e.g. stroke, dementia). Indeed, CVR is suggested as a biomarker for disease risk. However, recent findings report conflicting associations between ageing or fitness and CVR measures. Inconsistent findings may relate to different neuroimaging modalities used, which include transcranial Doppler (TCD) and blood-oxygen-level-dependant (BOLD) contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the relationship between CVR metrics derived from two common...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 12, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Vulnerable Plaque Is More Prevalent in Male Individuals at High Risk of Stroke: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
ConclusionMale individuals had a higher risk of vulnerable carotid plaque independent of classical vascular risk factors. Whether there is a gender-specific association between variations in genes related to inflammation, lipid metabolis, and endothelial function and plaque vulnerability needs to be further studied.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The Association Between Notching of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Flow Velocity Doppler Envelope and Impaired Right Ventricular Function After Acute High-Altitude Exposure
ConclusionHA exposure-induced RVOT notch formation is associated with impaired RV function, including no increase in the tricuspid ICV or s’, reduction of RV deformation, deterioration in RV-pulmonary artery coupling, and RV intraventricular synchrony.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 1, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
A Feedback Loop Involving MicroRNA-150 and MYB Regulates VEGF Expression in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells After Oxygen Glucose Deprivation
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in regulating cerebral angiogenesis after stroke. Meanwhile, excessive VEGF expression induces increased microvascular permeability in brain, probably leading to neurological deterioration. Therefore, the appropriate level of VEGF expression is significant to the recovery of brain exposed to stroke. In this work, we demonstrate that microRNA-150 (miR-150) and its predicted target MYB form a negative feedback loop to control the level of post-stroke VEGF expression. Repression of MYB leads to decreased expression of miR-150 in brain microvascular endothelial cel...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 17, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Demonstration of Patient-Specific Simulations to Assess Left Atrial Appendage Thrombogenesis Risk
Atrial fibrillation (AF) alters left atrial (LA) hemodynamics, which can lead to thrombosis in the left atrial appendage (LAA), systemic embolism and stroke. A personalized risk-stratification of AF patients for stroke would permit improved balancing of preventive anticoagulation therapies against bleeding risk. We investigated how LA anatomy and function impact LA and LAA hemodynamics, and explored whether patient-specific analysis by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can predict the risk of LAA thrombosis. We analyzed 4D-CT acquisitions of LA wall motion with an in-house immersed-boundary CFD solver. We considered six p...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Vascular and Macrophage Heme Oxygenase-1 in Hypertension: A Mini-Review
Hypertension is one predictive factor for stroke and heart ischemic disease. Nowadays, it is considered an inflammatory disease with elevated cytokine levels, oxidative stress, and infiltration of immune cells in several organs including heart, kidney, and vessels, which contribute to the hypertension-associated cardiovascular damage. Macrophages, the most abundant immune cells in tissues, have a high degree of plasticity that is manifested by polarization in different phenotypes, with the most well-known being M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). In hypertension, M1 phenotype predominates, producing inflammato...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Measurement Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review
Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes cerebral haemodynamic changes in response to a vasodilatory stimulus. CVR closely relates to the health of the vasculature and is therefore a key parameter for studying cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke, small vessel disease and dementias. MRI allows in vivo measurement of CVR but several different methods have been presented in the literature, differing in pulse sequence, hardware requirements, stimulus and image processing technique. We systematically reviewed publications measuring CVR using MRI up to June 2020, identifying 235 relevant paper...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 25, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Perspective
Diabetes has reached worldwide epidemic proportions, and threatens to be a significant economic burden to both patients and healthcare systems, and an important driver of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Improvement in lifestyle interventions (which includes increase in physical activity via exercise) can reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Encouraging a population to increase physical activity and exercise is not a simple feat particularly in individuals with co-morbidities (obesity, heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and those with cognitive and physical limitations...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 23, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
