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Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Total 379 results found since Jan 2013.
miR-155 in the Resolution of Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease where advanced lesions can eventually completely obstruct blood flow resulting in clinical events, such as a myocardial infarction or stroke. Monocytes and macrophages are the dominant biologically active immune cells involved in atherosclerosis disease and play a pivotal role during initiation, progression and regression of disease.
Altering macrophage inflammation is critical to induce regression of atherosclerosis and microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as key regulators of the macrophage phenotype. MiRs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 13, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Sodium Dichloroacetate Stimulates Angiogenesis by Improving Endothelial Precursor Cell Function in an AKT/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Dependent Pathway in Vascular Dementia Rats
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is a mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, and has been shown to display vasoprotective effects in chronic ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DCA on vascular dementia and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-mediated angiogenesis. After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, DCA was administered continuously for 21 days; following which, histological analysis and cognitive functional tests were conducted. Rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated, their function and quantity were measured, and the ef...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides or Ginkgolides Tend to Differentially Protect Myocardial or Cerebral Ischemia –Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of TWEAK-Fn14 Signaling in Heart and Brain
In conclusion, our study showed that GFGs and GGs of SXNI tend to differentially protect brain and heart from ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injuries at least in part by regulating a common TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - July 4, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Testing the Translational Power of the Zebrafish: An Interspecies Analysis of Responses to Cardiovascular Drugs
The zebrafish is rapidly emerging as a promising alternative in vivo model for the detection of drug-induced cardiovascular effects. Despite its increasing popularity, the ability of this model to inform the drug development process is often limited by the uncertainties around the quantitative relevance of zebrafish responses compared with non-clinical mammalian species and ultimately humans. Here we provide a comparative quantitative analysis of the in vivo cardiovascular responses of zebrafish, rat, dog, and human to three model compounds (propranolol, losartan, and captopril), which act as modulators of two key systems ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - August 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and High Thromboembolic Risk. A Systematic Review
Conclusions: The use of DOACs is a reasonable alternative to vitamin K antagonists in AF patients with CHADS2 score ≥3, advanced age, and HF. The RI constitutes a useful, additional tool to facilitate clinicians in choosing DOACs or warfarin in particular category of AF patients.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and morbidity. The resulting hematoma within brain parenchyma induces a series of adverse events causing primary and secondary brain injury. The mechanism of injury after ICH is very complicated and has not yet been illuminated. This review discusses some key pathophysiology mechanisms in ICH such as oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, iron toxicity, and thrombin formation. The corresponding therapeutic targets and therapeutic strategies are also reviewed.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Zhenlong Xingnao Capsule in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hypoxia
In this study, we determined the in vitro and in vivo effects of ZXC on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse BV-2 microglial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation and rat middle cerebral artery occlusion infarction models. We aimed to clarify the role of ZXC in cerebral ischemia protection; reveal amino acid neurotransmitter changes in the frontal cortex after drug intervention; determine mRNA and protein expression changes in Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, P38, and nuclear factor (NF)-кB in the frontal cortex and changes in antioxidant indices in the brain; and elucidate the mechanisms underlying ZXC action. After hypoxia-reoxygenation...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 25, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies
Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood–brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature astrocytes also express some genes enriched in cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity of cell population, it is not surprising that t...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Impacts of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
This study aimed to investigate the impact of clinical pharmacist intervention on the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese patients with CHD. Two hundred and forty patients who had ACS were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 120) or the control group (n = 120). The intervention group received a medication assessment and education by the clinical pharmacist at discharge and telephone follow-ups at 1 week and 1 and 3 months after discharge. The control group received usual care. The primary outcomes of this study were the proportion of patients who had major adverse...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 7, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Conclusion: The present study provided supportive evidence of CHM for improving dependency of ICH and showed generally safety; however, there is still lack of evidence for improving mortality rate, and it opens for further study.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Notoginsenoside R1 for Organs Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) exerts pharmacological actions for a variety of diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute renal injury, and intestinal injury. Here, we conducted a preclinical systematic review of NGR1 for ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Eight databases were searched from their inception to February 23rd, 2019; Review Manager 5.3 was applied for data analysis. CAMARADES 10-item checklist and cell 10-item checklist were used to evaluate the methodological quality. Twenty-five studies with 304 animals and 124 cells were selected. Scores of the risk of bias in animal studies ranged from 3 to ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 16, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Cerebrolysin Ameliorates Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury Through Neuroinflammatory Inhibition via CREB/PGC-1 α Pathway
In conclusion, CBL ameliorated cerebral ischemia injury through reducing neuroinflammation partly via the activation of CREB/PGC-1α pathway and may play a therapeutic role as anti-neuroinflammatory agents in the brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 21, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Left Atrial and Left Atrial Appendage Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and in Pressure Overload-Induced Mice
LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor and has shown beneficial effects in patients with heart failure. However, whether LCZ696 protects against left atrial (LA) and LA appendage (LAA) dysfunction is still unclear. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of LCZ696 for improving the function of LA and LAA. We performed both a retrospective study comparing LCZ696 with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to assess the efficacy of LCZ696 in patients with atrial fibrillation and an animal study in a mouse model with pressure overload. LA peak systolic strain, LAA emptying flow velo...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - October 28, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Thiazide Diuretics and the Incidence of Osteoporotic Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Conclusions: Use of thiazide diuretics is not associated with significantly affected risk of overall osteoporotic fracture. However, the association may be different according to the general status of the participants.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - November 20, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
The Potassium SK Channel Activator NS309 Protects Against Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Through Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms
Neuroinflammation plays important roles in neuronal cell death and functional deficits after TBI. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK) have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of neurological disorders, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SK channels in an animal model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). The SK channels activator NS309 at a concentration of 2 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and no obviously organ-related toxicity of NS309 was found in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Tr...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - November 28, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
