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Statins may Decrease Aneurysm wall Enhancement of Unruptured Fusiform Intracranial Aneurysms: A high-resolution 3T MRI Study
AbstractInflammation plays an integral role in the formation, growth, and progression to rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has emerged as a surrogate biomarker of vessel wall inflammation and unruptured intracranial aneurysm instability. We investigated the correlation between anti-inflammatory drug use and three-dimensional AWE of fusiform intracranial aneurysms (FIAs). We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with FIAs in our database who underwent 3T HR-MRI at three Chinese centers. FIAs were classified as fusiform...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Simultaneous Four Supratentorial Lesions Predict Tube Dependency Due to an Impaired Anticipatory Phase of Ingestion
This study aimed to identify the neuroanatomical predictors of oropharyngeal dysphagia and tube dependency in patients with supratentorial or infratentorial ischemic strokes. Patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled and were classified into 3 groups: right supratentorial (n = 61), left supratentorial (n = 89), and infratentorial stroke (n = 50). Dysphagia was evaluated by a modified water swallowing test and the Food Intake LEVEL Scale to evaluate oropharyngeal dysphagia and tube dependency, respectively. As two dysphagia parameters, we evaluated the durations from onset of stroke to (1) success in the...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

3D Visualization of Whole Brain Vessels and Quantification of Vascular Pathology in a Chronic Hypoperfusion Model Causing White Matter Damage
AbstractChronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important pathological factor in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). One of the most used animal models for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse. For the therapy of CSVD and other diseases, it will be beneficial to understand the pathological alterations of the BCAS mouse, particularly vascular pathological changes. A mouse model of BCAS was used, and 8 weeks later, cognitive function of the mice was examined by using novel object recognition test and eight-arm radial maze test. 11....
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Repurposing the KCa3.1 Blocker Senicapoc for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractSenicapoc, a small molecule inhibitor of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, was safe and well-tolerated in clinical trials for sickle cell anemia. We previously reported proof-of-concept data suggesting that both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of KCa3.1 reduces infarction and improves neurologic recovery in rodents by attenuating neuroinflammation. Here we evaluated the potential of repurposing senicapoc for ischemic stroke. In cultured microglia, senicapoc inhibited KCa3.1 currents with an IC50 of 7  nM, reduced Ca2+ signaling induced by the purinergic agonist ATP, suppressed express...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Novel Rat Model of Embolic Cerebral Ischemia Using a Cell-Implantable Radiopaque Hydrogel Microfiber
We present a novel rat model of focal infarct restricted to the middle cerebral artery territory using a radiopaque hydrogel microfiber positioned under fluoroscopic guidance. By comparing the use of stem cell-containing versus non-containing fibers in this stroke model, it would be possible to determine the efficacy of"pure" cell transplantation in treating stroke.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Remote Ischemic Conditioning Enhances Collateral Circulation Through Leptomeningeal Anastomosis and Diminishes Early Ischemic Lesions and Infarct Volume in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
AbstractRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has attracted much attention as a protective strategy for the heart and brain, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that RIC enhances collateral circulation during cerebral ischemia through endothelial function and mitigates both early ischemic change and final infarct volume. We tested the RIC and sham procedure 30  min after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male mice. Collateral circulation was examined during the procedure with 2D color-coded ultrasound imaging. Immediately after four cycles of RIC, early ischemic lesions on ma...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of New-Generation Antiepileptic Drug Prophylaxis on Delayed Neurovascular Events After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractNeuroelectric disruptions such as seizures and cortical spreading depolarization may contribute to the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, effects of antiepileptic drug prophylaxis on outcomes remain controversial in SAH. The authors investigated if prophylactic administration of new-generation antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and perampanel was beneficial against delayed neurovascular events after SAH. This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of 121 consecutive SAH patients including 56 patients of admission World Federation of Neurolo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Multinuclear MRI Reveals Early Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke
AbstractCompromised adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can impair cell therapy efficacy and further reverse ischemic recovery. However, in vitro assays require extended passage to characterize cells, limiting rapid assessment for therapeutic potency. Multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) provides near real-time feedback on disease progression and tissue recovery. Applied to ischemic stroke,23Na MRI evaluates treatment efficacy within 24  h after middle cerebral artery occlusion, showing recovery of sodium homeostasis and lesion reduction in specimens treated with hMSC while1H MRS identifi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Development of Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tools for Longitudinal Tracking of Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Using Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession
AbstractIdentification of patients with high-risk asymptomatic carotid plaques remains a challenging but essential step in stroke prevention. Current selection criteria for intervention in carotid disease are still determined by symptomatology and degree of luminal stenosis. This strategy has been less effective in identifying the high-risk asymptomatic individual patients. Inflammation is the key factor that drives plaque instability causing clinical sequelae. Currently, there is no imaging tool in routine clinical practice to assess the inflammatory status within atherosclerotic plaques. Herein we describe the developmen...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Increased Blood Residence Time as Markers of High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale
AbstractPrevious investigations have suggested that patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) often have an atrial dysfunction, like to that observed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) which may concur to an increased risk of cryptogenic stroke. The aim of the study is to compare the atrial resident time (Rt) of PFO patients to those with sinus rhythm (SR) and AF using patient-specific 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Models of left atrium (LA) hemodynamics were obtained from time-resolved CT scans and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Enrolled patients were divided into three groups: 30 healthy su...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Iron-Induced Hydrocephalus: the Role of Choroid Plexus Stromal Macrophages
In conclusion, stromal macrophages account for ~10% of all choroid plexus cells, with more in aged rats. Treatments targeting macrophages (minocycline and clodronate liposomes) are associated with reduced iron-induced hydrocephalus.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Betulinic Acid Hydroxamate, a B55 α/PP2A Activator, in Acute Hypoxia–Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Newborn Rats
In conclusion, BAH appears as an effective neuroprotective treatment for neonatal HIBD in a manner associated with the modulation of ex citotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, showing a broad therapeutic window.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Fronto-Parietal and White Matter Haemodynamics Predict Cognitive Outcome in Children with Moyamoya Independent of Stroke
We examined the relationship between regional haemodynamics and ratings of intellectual ability and executive function, using hypercapnic challenge blood oxygen level –dependent magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrovascular reactivity in a consecutive cohort of children with confirmed moyamoya. Thirty children were included in the final analysis (mean age: 12.55 ± 3.03 years, 17 females, 15 idiopathic moyamoya and 15 syndromic moyamoya). Frontal haemodyna mics were abnormal in all regardless of stroke history and comorbidity, but occipital lobe haemodynamics were also abnormal in children with syndromic moyamoya. E...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Complement C3a Receptor (C3aR) Mediates Vascular Dysfunction, Hippocampal Pathology, and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of VCID
AbstractVascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) secondary to chronic mild-moderate cerebral ischemia underlie a significant percentage of cases of dementia. We previously reported that either genetic deficiency of the complement C3a receptor (C3aR) or its pharmacological inhibition protects against cerebral ischemia in rodents, while others have implicated C3aR in the pathogenesis seen in rodent transgenic models of Alzheimer ’s disease. In the present study, we evaluated the role of complement C3a-C3aR signaling in the onset and progression of VCID. We utilized the bilateral common carotid art...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Extended Ischemic Recovery After Implantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates Indicated by Sodium MRI at 21.1  T
AbstractExtended therapeutic application remains a significant issue in the use of stem cell therapies to treat ischemic stroke. Along these lines, neurological recovery in a rodent model of ischemic stroke was evaluated following implantation of human mesenchymal stem cell aggregates (hMSC-agg), labeled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide, directly into the lateral ventricle contralateral to the ischemic lesion hemisphere. Longitudinally, disease progression and response to hMSC-agg therapy were assessed by1H and23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 21.1  T to investigate cellular localization, migration, and re...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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