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Different Risk Profiles of European Patients Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists: a Rapid Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe investigated the risk profiles of patients using direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in European cohort studies to estimate the importance of potential (measured or unmeasured) confounding factors in analyses comparing these drugs. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (2008 –2018) for relevant studies and extracted information on age, sex, comorbidity, Charlson comorbidity index, HAS-BLED score (assessing risk of bleeding) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (assessing risk of stroke).Recent FindingsOverall, 66 studies with 2,808,757 patients were included. Most patients were from Fr...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - November 14, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: an Epidemiologic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAtrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia are both prevalent diseases in aging societies, which exert a great economic burden worldwide. Although a handful of epidemiologic studies have indicated that AF is independently associated with faster cognitive decline and a higher risk of dementia, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the observed association. In this review, we summarize evidence from major epidemiologic studies concerning AF-related cognitive decline and dementia, the potential mechanisms underlying their association, and the cognitive benefits of treatment options.Recent...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - July 7, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The Influence of Sex on the Sleep-Cardiovascular Disease Relationship: a Review
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by frequent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep that affects nocturnal sleep quality and often manifests as symptoms of daytime fatigue and sleepiness. Traditionally considered to be a condition uncommon in the female population, recent large population-based epidemiological studies have reported a much higher prevalence of OSA in females than previously estimated. This shift has brought attention to the influence of sex on risk factors and various health-related consequences associated with OSA. Specifically, there is increasin...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - September 28, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Early Life Risk Factors for Stroke and Cognitive Impairment
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - July 30, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Early Life Risk Factors for Stroke and Cognitive Impairment
Abstract Cerebrovascular disease may present in later life with stroke or cognitive impairment and dementia, or may be silent, with changes seen incidentally on imaging or pathology. Midlife vascular risk factors such as hypertension, smoking and diabetes are well recognised. However, factors from much earlier in life may contribute to later vascular risk. In this commentary, we outline the importance of considering the whole life course in the development of cerebrovascular disease. We consider mainly factors from childhood, childhood intelligence test scores, education and socioeconomic status, which have been s...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - July 4, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Towards an Understanding of Racial Differences in Post-stroke Disability
Abstract Due to the aging of the baby boomer generation, the number of stroke survivors is expected to increase from seven million to over ten million in 2030. Stroke survivorship will be particularly important for African-Americans who have a higher incidence of strokes compared to non-Hispanics whites and greater post-stroke disability. Current evidence suggests that the most prominent racial differences in post-stroke disability emerge in the post-stroke period. Further work, with a focus on modifiable factors, is needed to understand which factors in the post-stroke period lead to racial differences in post-stroke disability.
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - June 26, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research