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Source: Annual Review of Medicine

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Total 115 results found since Jan 2013.

Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases a patient's stroke risk four- to five-fold. Anticoagulation with the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin reduces the risk of stroke by 67%, but warfarin carries a significant risk of major bleeding and has unpredictable pharmacodynamics with a narrow therapeutic window, necessitating frequent monitoring of its anticoagulant effect. The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban provide more predictable anticoagulant activity than warfarin with a lower risk of major bleeding, and each is noninferior to warfarin for...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - November 26, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Fanaroff AC, Ohman EM Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

Changing practice of anticoagulation: will target-specific anticoagulants replace warfarin?
Abstract The target-specific oral anticoagulants are a class of agents that inhibit factor Xa or thrombin. They are effective and safe compared to warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, and they are comparable to low-molecular-weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty. For other indications, however, such as the prevention of stroke in patients with mechanical heart valves, initial studies have been unfavorable for the newer agents, leaving warfarin the anticoagulant of choice. Furt...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - January 14, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Arepally GM, Ortel TL Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand Factor in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
Abstract Pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was a mystery for over half a century until the discovery of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 is primarily synthesized in the liver, and its main function is to cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF) anchored on the endothelial surface, in circulation, and at the sites of vascular injury. Deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity (<10%) resulting from mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene or autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 causes hereditary or acquired (idiopathic) TTP. ADAMTS13 activity is usually normal or modestly reduced (>20%) in other forms of thrombotic microangi...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - January 14, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zheng XL Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies.
This article reviews the most recent CV outcome trials of the DPP-4 inhibitors (SAVOR-TIMI 53, EXAMINE, and TECOS) as evidence that the incretin-based therapies have acceptable CV safety profiles for patients with T2DM. The studies differ with regard to patient population, trial duration, and heart failure outcomes but show similar findings for CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke, as well as hospitalization for unstable angina. PMID: 26768240 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - January 14, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: White WB, Baker WL Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.
Abstract The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has risen significantly over the past two decades. Catheter ablation is an increasingly utilized treatment strategy and has evolved significantly over the same time period. Successful ablation improves patient symptoms, reduces stroke risk, and can preserve or improve cardiac function. Recurrences following ablation can occur, particularly in patients with persistent AF. Procedural efficacy can best be improved through continued advancements in ablation technology and strategy, better understanding of the mechanisms of AF initiation and perpetuation, and rigorous...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - August 14, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Latchamsetty R, Morady F Tags: Annu Rev Med Source Type: research

Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: A Silent Threat with Uncertain Implications
Annu Rev Med. 2021 Nov 17. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-105906. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. Implantable and wearable cardiac devices have enabled the detection of asymptomatic AF episodes-termed subclinical AF (SCAF). SCAF, the prevalence of which is likely significantly underestimated, is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and a significant stroke risk. Recent advances in machine learning, namely artificial intelligence-enabled ECG (AI-ECG), have enabled identification of patients at higher likelihood of SCAF. Levera...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - November 17, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Anthony H Kashou Demilade A Adedinsewo Peter A Noseworthy Source Type: research

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies
Annu Rev Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:363-375. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539.ABSTRACTHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively common, globally distributed, and often inherited myocardial disorder, transformed over the last several years into a treatable condition with the emergence of effective management options that alter natural history at all ages. Now available are a matured risk stratification algorithm selecting patients for prophylactic implantable defibrillators that prevent arrhythmic sudden death; low-risk, high-benefit surgical myectomy to reverse progressive heart failure symptoms due to left ventricula...
Source: Annual Review of Medicine - January 27, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Barry J Maron Ethan J Rowin Martin S Maron Source Type: research