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Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology

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Total 120 results found since Jan 2013.

Combined therapy with COX-2 inhibitor and 20-HETE inhibitor reduces tumor growth and the adverse effects of ischemic stroke associated with COX-2 inhibition.
Abstract 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), Cyp4a-derived eicosanoid, is a lipid mediator that promotes tumor growth as well as causing detrimental effects in cerebral circulation. We determined whether concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 20-HETE affects colon tumor growth and ischemic stroke outcomes. The expression of Cyp4a and COXs and production of 20-HETE and PGE2 were determined in murine colon carcinoma (MC38) cells. We then examined the effects of combined treatment with rofecoxib, a potent COX-2 inhibitor, and HET0016, a potent Cyp4a inhibitor, on the growth and proliferation of ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - July 2, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhang Y, Hoda MN, Zheng X, Li W, Luo P, Maddipati KR, Seki T, Ergul A, Wang MH Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Large animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury as translational tools.
Abstract Acute central nervous system injury, encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, accounts for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies in animal models have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex pathophysiology that underlies TBI and stroke and enabled the pre-clinical screening of over 1000 novel therapeutic agents. Despite this, the translation of novel therapeutics from experimental models to clinical therapies has been extremely poor. One potential explanation for this poor clinical translation is the choice of experimental model, given that the majority...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - March 14, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Sorby-Adams AJ, Vink R, Turner RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, End-Stage Renal Disease, and Stroke in Post-Partum Women and their Fetuses after a Hypertensive Pregnancy.
Abstract Women with hypertensive pregnancy complications are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic diseases, stroke, and end-stage renal disease later in life. Pregnancy complications not only effect the mother's long-term health, but also the health of the fetus immediately after delivery and into adulthood. The health of the fetus until adulthood can be influenced by developmental programming, in which the fetus is exposed to insults that will ultimately affect the growth of the offspring and increase the offspring's risk of developing hypertension, coronary heart disease, metabol...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 13, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Cunningham MW, LaMarca BD Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Cardiac remodeling and increased central venous pressure underlie elevated stroke volume and cardiac output of seawater-acclimated rainbow trout.
Abstract Substantial increases in cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) and gastrointestinal blood flow are essential for euryhaline rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) osmoregulating in seawater. However, the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for these changes are unknown. By examining a range of circulatory and cardiac morphological variables of seawater- and freshwater-acclimated rainbow trout, the present study revealed a significantly higher central venous pressure (CVP) in seawater-acclimated trout (~0.09 vs. -0.02 kPa). This serves to increase cardiac end-diastolic volume in seawater and explai...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - November 29, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Brijs J, Sandblom E, Dekens E, Näslund J, Ekström A, Axelsson M Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Increased cytokine and chemokine gene expression in the CNS of mice during heat stroke recovery.
Abstract Heat stroke (HS) is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) consisting of profound core temperature (Tc) changes in mice. Encephalopathy is common at HS collapse, but inflammatory changes occurring in the brain during the SIRS remain unidentified. We determined the association between inflammatory gene expression changes in the brain with Tc disturbances during HS recovery in mice. Gene expression changes of heat shock protein (HSP)72, heme-oxygenase (hmox1), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα), cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2), chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, CX3CR1), and ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 11, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Biedenkapp JC, Leon LR Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Attenuated Thermoregulatory, Metabolic and Liver Acute Phase Protein Response to Heat Stroke in TNF Receptor Knockout Mice.
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered an adverse mediator of heat stroke (HS) based on clinical studies showing high serum levels. However, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR; TNF antagonists) were higher in survivors than nonsurvivors and TNFR KO mice showed a trend towards increased mortality suggesting TNF has protective actions for recovery. We delineated TNF actions in HS by comparing thermoregulatory, metabolic and inflammatory responses between B6129F2 (WT) and TNFR KO mice. Prior to heat exposure, TNFR KO mice showed ~0.4°C lower core temperature (Tc; radiotelemetry), ~10% lower metabolic rate (Mr;...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Leon LR, Dineen SM, Blaha MD, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Clarke DC Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Pharmacologically-induced hypothermia by TRPV1 channel agonism provides neuroprotection following ischemic stroke when initiated 90 minutes after reperfusion.
We examined effectiveness and specificity of pharmacological hypothermia by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel agonism in the treatment of focal cerebral I/R. Core temperature (Tcore) was measured after subcutaneous infusion of TRPV1 agonist, dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), in conscious C57BL/6 WT and TRPV1 KO mice. Acute measurements of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cerebral perfusion were measured before and after DHC treatment. Focal cerebral I/R (one hour ischemia + 24 hours reperfusion) was induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hypothermia (> 8 hours) was initiated 9...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - December 4, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Cao Z, Balasubramanian A, Marrelli SP Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Point-of-care cardiac troponin test accurately predicts heat stroke severity in rats.
Abstract Heat stroke (HS) remains a significant public health concern. Despite the substantial threat posed by HS, there is still no field or clinical test of HS severity. We suggested previously that circulating cardiac troponin (cTnI) could serve as a robust biomarker of HS severity after heating. In the current study, we hypothesized that cTnI band intensity on a portable point-of-care test (ctPOC) could be used to predict severity and organ damage at the onset of HS. Conscious male Fischer 344 rats (N=16) continuously monitored for HR, BP, and core temperature (Tc) (radiotelemetry) were heated to maximum Tc (T...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - August 19, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Audet GN, Quinn CM, Leon LR Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Endogenous ghrelin's role in hippocampal neuroprotection after global cerebral ischemia: does endogenous ghrelin protect against global stroke?
Abstract Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone with a well-characterized role in feeding and metabolism. Evidence suggests ghrelin may also be neuroprotective after injury in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Thus, exogenous ghrelin treatment can improve cell survival, reduce infarct size, and rescue memory deficits in focal ischemia models, doing so by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis. Endogenous ghrelin plays a key a role in a number of physiological processes, including feeding, metabolism, stress, and anxiety. However, no study has examined whether endogenous ghrelin also contributes to neuroprotection...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - April 10, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Kenny R, Cai G, Bayliss JA, Clarke M, Choo YL, Miller AA, Andrews ZB, Spencer SJ Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Neuromotor deficits and altered physiological responses to repeated exertional heat stroke exposures in mice
In conclusion, exposure to a second EHS after two weeks, leads to increased exercise times in the heat, symptom limitation at a lower Tc,max, and greater deficits in neuromotor and behavioral function during recovery.PMID:36279505 | DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2022
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 24, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jamal M Alzahrani Kevin O Murray Bryce J Gambino Christian K Garcia Laila H Sheikh Kevin J Cusack Orlando Laitano Thomas L Clanton Source Type: research

Identification of therapeutic targets in a murine model of severe exertional heat stroke
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2022 Oct 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially lethal condition resulting from high core body temperatures (TC) in combination with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with varying degrees of severity across victims, and limited understanding of the underlying mechanism(s). We established a mouse model of severe EHS in an effort to identify mechanisms of hyperthermia / inflammation that may be responsible for organ damage. Mice were forced to run on a motorized wheel in a 37.5°C chamber until los...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 25, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Kentaro Oki Chloe G Henderson Shauna M Ward Jermaine A Ward Mark L Plamper Thomas A Mayer Aaron R Caldwell Lisa R Leon Source Type: research

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