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Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Neuromuscular Activation of Leg Muscles During Dynamic Exercises in Individuals With Stroke
This study examined the leg muscle activity during exposure to different whole-body vibration (WBV) intensities while performing various dynamic exercises in patients with chronic stroke. Thirty patients with chronic stroke performed a series of dynamic exercises under 3 conditions: (a) low-intensity WBV (peak acceleration: 0.96 units of gravity of Earth [g]), (b) high-intensity WBV (1.61 g), and (c) no WBV. Neuromuscular activation was recorded with surface electromyography (EMG) on bilateral biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GS) in both legs and was reported as EMGrms (root...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - June 23, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Compression Garments on Autonomic Nervous System Recovery After Exercise
Abstract: Piras, A and Gatta, G. Evaluation of the effectiveness of compression garments on autonomic nervous system recovery after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1636–1643, 2017—The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the recovery pattern of a whole-body compression garment on hemodynamic parameters and on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity after a swimming performance. Ten young male athletes were recruited and tested in 2 different days, with and without wearing the garment during the recovery phase. After a warm-up of 15 minutes, athletes were instructed to perform a maximal 400-m freestyle swimmin...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - May 27, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Current Warm-Up Practices and Contemporary Issues Faced by Elite Swimming Coaches
Abstract: McGowan, CJ, Pyne, DB, Raglin, JS, Thompson, KG, and Rattray, B. Current warm-up practices and contemporary issues faced by elite swimming coaches. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3471–3480, 2016—A better understanding of current swimming warm-up strategies is needed to improve their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to describe current precompetition warm-up practices and identify contemporary issues faced by elite swimming coaches during competition. Forty-six state-international level swimming coaches provided information through a questionnaire on their prescription of volume, intensity, and recove...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - November 22, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Relationship Between Propulsive Force in Tethered Swimming and 200-m Front Crawl Performance
Abstract: Santos, KB, Bento, PCB, Pereira, G, and Rodacki, ALF. The relationship between propulsive force in tethered swimming and 200-m front crawl performance. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2500–2507, 2016—The aims of this study were to determine whether propulsive force (peak force, mean force, impulse, and rate of force development) and stroke rate change during 2 minutes of front crawl tethered swimming and to correlate them with the stroke rate and swimming velocity in 200-m front crawl swimming. Twenty-one swimmers (21.6 ± 4.8 years, 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 71.7 ± 8.1 kg), with 200-m front crawl swimming performance equi...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - August 26, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Energetics, Biomechanics, and Performance in Masters' Swimmers: A Systematic Review
This study aimed to summarize evidence on masters' swimmers energetics, biomechanics, and performance gathered in selected studies. An expanded search was conducted on 6 databases, conference proceedings, and department files. Fifteen studies were selected for further analysis. A qualitative evaluation of the studies based on the Quality Index (QI) was performed by 2 independent reviewers. The studies were thereafter classified into 3 domains according to the reported data: performance (10 studies), energetics (4 studies), and biomechanics (6 studies). The selected 15 articles included in this review presented low QI score...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - June 23, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Brief Review Source Type: research

The Effects of Backwards Running Training on Forward Running Economy in Trained Males
Abstract: Ordway, JD, Laubach, LL, Vanderburgh, PM, and Jackson, KJ. The effects of backwards running training on forward running economy in trained males. J Strength Cond Res 30(3): 763–767, 2016—Backwards running (BR) results in greater cardiopulmonary response and muscle activity compared with forward running (FR). BR has traditionally been used in rehabilitation for disorders such as stroke and lower leg extremity injuries, as well as in short bursts during various athletic events. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of sustained backwards running training on forward running economy in trained male ath...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - February 24, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Physiological Responses of Young Tennis Players to Training Drills and Simulated Match Play
Abstract: Gomes, RV, Cunha, VCR, Zourdos, MC, Aoki, MS, Moreira, A, Fernandez-Fernandez, J, and Capitani, CD. Physiological responses of young tennis players to training drills and simulated match play. J Strength Cond Res 30(3): 851–858, 2016—The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of young tennis players during 5 different training drills and to compare the responses between drills. Ten (17.0 ± 1.2 years) male tennis players participated in this study. Each athlete completed 5 total training drills. Drills 1–4 consisted of each player returning balls from a ball-serving machine and were stroke/time-...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - February 24, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Effects of Forced Exhalation and Inhalation, Grunting, and Valsalva Maneuver on Forehand Force in Collegiate Tennis Players
Abstract: O'Connell, DG, Brewer, JF, Man, TH, Weldon, JS, and Hinman, MR. The effects of forced exhalation and inhalation, grunting, and valsalva maneuver on forehand force in collegiate tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 30(2): 430–437, 2016—To examine the effects of forced expiration (FE), forced inspiration (FI), grunting (GR), and valsalva maneuver (VM), on air volume, maximum force production, and muscle recruitment during a simulated forehand stroke in collegiate tennis players. Superficial electrodes were placed over the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, lumbar and thoracic erector spinae, a...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - February 1, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study
Abstract: Neiva, HP, Marques, MC, Barbosa, TM, Izquierdo, M, Viana, JL, Teixeira, AM, and Marinho, DA. The effects of different warm-up volumes on the 100-m swimming performance: a randomized crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 29(11): 3026–3036, 2015—The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 3 different warm-up (WU) volumes on 100-m swimming performance. Eleven male swimmers at the national level completed 3 time trials of 100-m freestyle on separate days and after a standard WU, a short WU (SWU), or a long WU (LWU) in a randomized sequence. All of them replicated some usual sets and drills, and the WU total...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - October 28, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Effect of Gender, Energetics, and Biomechanics on Swimming Masters Performance
Abstract: Ferreira, MI, Barbosa, TM, Neiva, HP, Marta, CC, Costa, MJ, and Marinho, DA. Effect of gender, energetics, and biomechanics on swimming masters performance. J Strength Cond Res 29(7): 1948–1955, 2015—The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of gender and energetics on biomechanics and performance of masters swimmers over 1 season. Twenty-five masters swimmers (14 male and 11 female) were assessed 3 times (TP1, TP2, and TP3) during a season (male personal record in 200-m freestyle event: 173.00 ± 31.41 seconds: female personal record in 200-m freestyle event: 200.73 ± 25.02 seconds). An incrementa...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - June 30, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Influence of Endurance and Resistance Exercise Order on the Postexercise Hemodynamic Responses in Hypertensive Women
Abstract: Menêses, AL, Forjaz CL, Lima, PFM, Batista, RMF, Monteiro, MF, and Ritti-Dias, RM. Influence of endurance and resistance exercise order on the postexercise hemodynamic responses in hypertensive women. J Strength Cond Res 29(3): 612–618, 2015—The study aims to evaluate the effects of the order of endurance and resistance exercises on postexercise blood pressure (BP) and hemodynamics in hypertensive women. Nineteen hypertensive women underwent 3 sessions: control (50 minutes rest), endurance (50–60% of heart rate reserve) followed by resistance exercise (50% of 1 repetition maximum) (E + R), and resistance f...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - February 26, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Power Output and Sprinting Performance of Young Swimmers
Abstract: Barbosa, TM, Morais, JE, Marques, MC, Costa, MJ, and Marinho, DA. The power output and sprinting performance of young swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 29(2): 440–450, 2015—The aim of this article was to compare swimming power output between boys and girls and to model the relationship between swimming power output and sprinting performance in young swimmers. One hundred young swimmers (49 boys and 51 girls, aged between 11 and 13 years) underwent a test battery including anthropometrics (body mass, height, arm span [AS], and trunk transverse surface area), kinematic and efficiency (velocity, stroke frequency, st...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - February 1, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The Effects of “Grunting” on Serve and Forehand Velocities in Collegiate Tennis Players
Abstract: O'Connell, DG, Hinman, MR, Hearne, KF, Michael, ZS, and Nixon, SL. The effects of “grunting” on serve and forehand velocities in collegiate tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 28(12): 3469–3475, 2014—The aim of this study was to examine the effects of grunting on velocity and force production during dynamic and static tennis strokes in collegiate tennis players. Thirty-two (16 male and 16 female) division II and III collegiate tennis athletes with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.89 years participated as subjects. Demographic and survey data were obtained before subjects completed a 10- to 15-minute warm-up of ser...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - December 1, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

National Collegiate Athletic Association Strength and Conditioning Coaches' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Prevention and Recognition of Exertional Heat Stroke
Abstract: Valdes, AS, Hoffman, JR, Clark, MH, and Stout, JR. National collegiate athletic association strength and conditioning coaches' knowledge and practices regarding prevention and recognition of exertional heat stroke. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3013–3023, 2014—The purpose of this study was to assess and determine content knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association Strength and Conditioning Coaches (SCCs) regarding prevention and recognition of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and to determine whether the type of professional certification is an indicator of enhanced content knowledge. A questionnaire was ...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - November 1, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance
Abstract: Morouço, PG, Marinho, DA, Keskinen, KL, Badillo, JJ, and Marques, MC. Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3093–3099, 2014—The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to compare stroke and the physiological responses between maximal tethered and free front crawl swimming and (b) to evaluate the contribution of force exertion for swimming performance over short distances. A total of 34 male swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance, participated in this study. Each participant was tested in both...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - November 1, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

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