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Source: Neurobiology of Disease

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Total 168 results found since Jan 2013.

NMDA receptors sustain but do not initiate neuronal depolarization in spreading depolarization.
Abstract Spreading depolarization (SD) represents a neurological process characterized by a massive, self-sustaining wave of brain cell depolarization. Understanding its mechanism is important for treating ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and migraine with aura. Many believed that ion fluxes through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are responsible for neuronal transmembrane currents of SD. However, the explicit role of NMDARs remains ambiguous. This is in part due to the limitation of traditional pharmacological approaches in resolving the contribution of NMDARs in different intercellular and intracellular processes of SD. H...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Mei YY, Lee MH, Cheng TC, Hsiao IH, Wu DC, Zhou N Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Immunotherapy for Parkinson's disease.
Abstract With the increasing prevalence of Parkinson's disease, there is an immediate need to interdict disease signs and symptoms. In recent years this need was met through therapeutic approaches focused on regenerative stem cell replacement and alpha-synuclein clearance. However, neither have shown long-term clinical benefit. A novel therapeutic approach designed to affect disease is focused on transforming the brain's immune microenvironment. As disordered innate and adaptive immune functions are primary components of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, this has emerged as a clear opportunity for therapeuti...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - January 20, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Schwab AD, Thurston MJ, Machhi JP, Olson KE, Namminga KL, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Defining molecular identity and fates of CNS-border associated macrophages after ischemic stroke in rodents and humans.
Abstract Central nervous system (CNS)-border associated macrophages (BAMs) maintain their steady-state population during adulthood and are not replaced by circulating monocytes under physiological conditions. Their roles in CNS integrity and functions under pathological conditions remain largely unknown. Until recently, BAMs and microglia could not be unequivocally distinguished due to expression of common macrophage markers. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of immunosorted BAMs from rat sham-operated and ischemic brains using RNA sequencing. We found that BAMs express the distinct transcriptional sign...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - January 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Rajan WD, Wojtas B, Gielniewski B, Miró-Mur F, Pedragosa J, Zawadzka M, Pilanc P, Planas AM, Kaminska B Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

One-carbon metabolism supplementation improves outcome after stroke in aged male MTHFR-deficient mice.
This study reveals a critical role for one‑carbon supplementation, with 5-methylTHF, vitamin B12, and choline, in supporting improvement after ischemic stroke damage. PMID: 31525435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Jadavji NM, Mosnier H, Kelly E, Lawrence K, Cruickshank S, Stacey S, McCall A, Dhatt S, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Smith PD Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

KCa3.1 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation by regulating an astrocyte phenotype switch involving the PI3K/AKT/GSK3 β pathway.
KCa3.1 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation by regulating an astrocyte phenotype switch involving the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Aug 27;:104588 Authors: Wei T, Wang Y, Xu W, Yan L, Chen H, Yu Z Abstract Neuroinflammation may induce a phenotype switch to reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. The calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa3.1) is active in the phenotypic switch that occurs during astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke. Here, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), immunohistochemistry, western blotting, pharmacological blockade, and calcium...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - August 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Wei T, Wang Y, Xu W, Yan L, Chen H, Yu Z Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of FBW7 exacerbates intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
Abstract Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), the most common cause of stroke worldwide, is associated with high risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. F-box and WD repeat domain containing protein 7 (FBW7), an ubiquitin E3 ligase, is recently suggested to be involved in atherogenesis. However, whether FBW7 affects cerebrovascular remodeling during ICAS remains unknowns. We found that the expression of FBW7 was decreased in mouse brain microvessels from high-fat diet (HFD)-fed atherosclerotic mice. The reduced FBW7 expression was negatively associated with the remodeling of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Speci...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - August 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Shen Y, Chen X, Chi C, Wang H, Xue J, Su D, Wang H, Li M, Liu B, Dong Q Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Is there a connection?
Abstract Dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are both hyperkinetic movement disorders. Dystonia arises most often spontaneously, although it may be seen after stroke, injury, or as a result of genetic causes. LID is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), emerging as a consequence of chronic therapy with levodopa, and may be either dystonic or choreiform. LID and dystonia share important phenomenological properties and mechanisms. Both LID and dystonia are generated by an integrated circuit involving the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum. They also share dysregulation of striatal choliner...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - August 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Calabresi P, Standaert DG Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promote brain repair and improve cognitive function through VEGF-A in a mouse model of CADASIL.
This study provides novel insight into the involvement of VEGF/VEGF-A in the pathogenesis of CADASIL and sheds light on the mechanism underlying the SCF+G-CSF-enhanced brain repair in CADASIL. PMID: 31376480 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - July 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ping S, Qiu X, Kyle M, Hughes K, Longo J, Zhao LR Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Cranial burr hole with erythropoietin administration induces reverse arteriogenesis from the enriched extracranium.
Abstract It is challenging to revitalize ischemic penumbra after an acute stroke with intracranial perfusion insufficiency. To evaluate whether cranial burr hole and erythropoietin (EPO) generate effective revascularization, we investigated the efficacy of the augmentation method for reverse arteriogenesis from the healthy extracranial milieu. An intracranial perfusion insufficiency was created through bilateral internal carotid artery ligation (bICAL) in Sprague-Dawley rats. We administered recombinant human EPO (5000 U/kg) or saline intraperitoneally for 3 days after bICAL. Mechanical barrier disruption (MBD...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - July 21, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Park GH, Shin HS, Choi ES, Yoon BS, Choi MH, Lee SJ, Lee KE, Lee JS, Hong JM Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

The effect of aging on brain injury and recovery after stroke.
PMID: 31010535 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Baltan S, Shi Y, Keep RF, Chen J Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Therapeutic potential of a TrkB agonistic antibody for ischemic brain injury.
Abstract The clinical trials employing neuroprotectants targeting single, early pathogenic mechanisms in stroke have so far been barely successful. We found in human postmortem stroke brains that in addition to apoptosis, necroptosis also contributed to neuronal damage. Thus, a new strategy targeting both mechanisms might be necessary. While brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent survival factor for neurons, its poor bioavailability including low diffusion rate and short half-life makes it unlikely a therapeutic agent. We recently developed a TrkB agonistic antibody (Ab4B19) that mimicked BDNF functi...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - April 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Han F, Guan X, Guo W, Lu B Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
Abstract Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is a progressive pathological process that causes progressive stenosis and cerebral hypoperfusion and is a major cause of stroke occurrence and recurrence around the world. Multiple factors contribute to the development of ICAS. Angiography imaging techniques can improve the diagnosis of and the selection of appropriate treatment regimens for ICAS. Neither aggressive medication nor endovascular interventions can eradicate stroke recurrence in patients with ICAS. Non-pharmacological therapies such as remote ischemic conditioning and hypothermia are emerging. Comprehensiv...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - November 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang Y, Meng R, Liu G, Cao C, Chen F, Jin K, Ji X, Cao G Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Calpain activation following spontaneous seizures during early epileptogenesis.
Abstract Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by a predisposition to suffer epileptic seizures. Acquired epilepsy might be the result of brain insults like head trauma, stroke, brain infection, or status epilepticus (SE) when one of these triggering injuries starts a transformative process known as epileptogenesis. There is some data to suggest that, during epileptogenesis, seizures themselves damage the brain but there is no conclusive evidence to demonstrate that spontaneous recurrent seizures themselves injure the brain. Our recent evidence indicates calpain overactivation might be relevant for epileptoge...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - November 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Lam PM, González MI Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging.
Abstract Age-related neurological disorders continue to pose a significant societal and economic burden. Aging is a complex phenomenon that affects many aspects of the human body. Specifically, aging can have detrimental effects on the progression of brain diseases and endogenous stem cells. Stem cell therapies possess promising potential to mitigate the neurological symptoms of such diseases. However, aging presents a major obstacle for maximum efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we discuss current preclinical and clinical literature to highlight the interactions between aging, stem cell therapy, and th...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Nguyen H, Zarriello S, Coats A, Nelson C, Kingsbury C, Gorsky A, Rajani M, Neal EG, Borlongan CV Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics.
Abstract Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. In recent years, cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have been identified as a novel class of neuroprotective agent with se...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research