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IN BRAIN POST-ISCHEMIC PLASTICITY, Na < sup > + < /sup > /Ca < sup > 2+ < /sup > EXCHANGER 1 AND Ascl1 INTERVENE IN MICROGLIA-DEPENDENT CONVERSION OF ASTROCYTES INTO NEURONAL LINEAGE
Cell Calcium. 2022 May 29;105:102608. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102608. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe intricate glia interaction occurring after stroke strongly depend on the maintenance of intraglial ionic homeostasis. Among the several ionic channels and transporters, the plasmamembrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) represents a key player in maintaining astroglial Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, using a combined in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experimental strategy we evaluated whether microglia responding to ischemic injury may influence the morphological and the transcriptional plasticity of post-ischemic astrocytes. Astr...
Source: Cell Calcium - June 6, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Antonella Casamassa Ornella Cuomo Anna Pannaccione Pasquale Cepparulo Giusy Laudati Valeria Valsecchi Lucio Annunziato Giuseppe Pignataro Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of the promoter and transcription factors regulating the expression of cerebral sodium/calcium exchanger 2 (NCX2) gene
Cell Calcium. 2022 Jan 23;102:102542. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102542. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe isoform 2 of sodium-calcium exchanger family (NCX2) is selectively expressed in neuronal and glial cells where it participates in Ca2+-clearance following neuronal depolarization, synaptic plasticity, hippocampal-dependent learning and memory consolidation processes. On the other hand, NCX2 is also involved in a neuroprotective effect following stroke. Despite the relevance of this antiporter under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, no studies have been reported on its genetic/epigenetic regulation. Theref...
Source: Cell Calcium - February 3, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Lucrezia Calabrese Angelo Serani Silvia Natale Valentina Tedeschi Natascia Guida Valeria Valsecchi Agnese Secondo Luigi Formisano Lucio Annunziato Pasquale Molinaro Source Type: research

TRPing into excitotoxic neuronal death.
Abstract It is a striking paradox that the activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) can both promote neuronal survival and induce excitotoxic cell death. Yet the molecular mechanisms that distinguish these cellular consequences have remained obscure. A recent study by Yan et al. (2020) reveals a novel interaction between NMDARs and TRPM4 that is required for NMDAR-induced neuronal death. Small molecule disruption of this interaction reduces excitotoxicity in stroke without blocking physiological NMDAR signaling. PMID: 33341523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Calcium - December 8, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Green MV, West AE Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of ncx1 and ncx3 in the brain.
Abstract Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) 1 and 3, have been demonstrated to play a relevant role in controlling the intracellular homeostasis of sodium and calcium ions in physiological and patho-physiological conditions. While NCX1 and NCX3 knocking-down have been both implicated in brain ischemia, several aspects of the epigenetic regulation of these two antiporters transcription were not yet well characterized. In response to stroke, NCX1 and NCX3 transcriptional regulation occurs from specific promoter sequences. Several evidences have shown that the expression of NCX1 and NCX3 can be determined by epigenetic m...
Source: Cell Calcium - March 6, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Formisano L, Guida N, Mascolo L, Serani A, Laudati G, Pizzorusso V, Annunziato L Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Biphasic regulation of lysosomal exocytosis by oxidative stress.
Abstract Oxidative stress drives cell death in a number of diseases including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of how cells recover from oxidative stress is likely to lead to better treatments for stroke and other diseases. The recent evidence obtained in several models ties the process of lysosomal exocytosis to the clearance of protein aggregates and toxic metals. The mechanisms that regulate lysosomal exocytosis, under normal or pathological conditions, are only beginning to emerge. Here we provide evidence for the biphasic effect of oxidative stress on lysosomal exocytosis...
Source: Cell Calcium - August 28, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Ravi S, Peña KA, Chu CT, Kiselyov K Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

ROS and intracellular ion channels.
Abstract Oxidative stress is a well-known driver of numerous pathological processes involving protein and lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The resulting increase of pro-apoptotic pressure drives tissue damage in a host of conditions, including ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury, diabetes, death in acute pancreatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Somewhat less frequently discussed, but arguably as important, is the signaling function of oxidative stress stemming from the ability of oxidative stress to modulate ion channel activity. The evidence for the modulation of the intracellular ion channels and transp...
Source: Cell Calcium - March 10, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Kiselyov K, Muallem S Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Disruption of IP3R2-mediated Ca(2+) signaling pathway in astrocytes ameliorates neuronal death and brain damage while reducing behavioral deficits after focal ischemic stroke.
Abstract Inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) increase is the major Ca(2+) signaling pathway in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Ca(2+) increases in astrocytes have been found to modulate neuronal function through gliotransmitter release. We previously demonstrated that astrocytes exhibit enhanced Ca(2+) signaling in vivo after photothrombosis (PT)-induced ischemia, which is largely due to the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The aim of this study is to investigate the role of astrocytic IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) signaling in neuronal death, brain damage ...
Source: Cell Calcium - September 25, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Li H, Xie Y, Zhang N, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Ding S Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research