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Bidirectional Relationship of Mast Cells-Neurovascular Unit Communication in Neuroinflammation and its Involvement in POCD.
Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been hypothesized to be mediated by surgery-induced neuroinflammation, which is also a key element in the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and neuropsychiatric disorders. There is extensive communication between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammation resulting from activation of the innate immune system cells in the periphery can impact central nervous system behaviors, such as cognitive performance. Mast cells (MCs), as the"first responders" in the CNS, can initiate, amplify, and prolong other immune and nervo...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - January 8, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Li N, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu Y, Qian Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Differential Effects of Bihemispheric and Unihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Young and Elderly Adults in Verbal Learning.
In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of bihemispheric and unihemispheric tDCS on verbal learning task performance in two groups (young vs. elderly). Fifteen healthy volunteers participated per group. Each participant received three stimulation conditions: unihemispheric anodal tDCS over the left temporal area, bihemispheric tDCS over the left (anodal) and right (cathodal) temporal areas and a sham condition. During active stimulation, tDCS (20min, 2mA) was applied while each participant learned twenty pseudowords (arbitrarily assigned to corresponding pictures). No significant differences were found between the th...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - January 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Fiori V, Nitsche M, Iasevoli L, Cucuzza G, Caltagirone C, Marangolo P Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes angiogenesis via up-regulation of Nfr2 signaling pathway in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.
In this study, we investigated whether EGCG treatment in the acute phase of ischemic stroke can promote angiogenesis in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We assessed neurological function with modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) test, infarct volume by Nessl staining, angiogenesis and oxidative stress by immunofluorescence analysis, intravital lectin perfusion analysis, western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to explore the role of Nrf2 in the angiogenesis of MCAO+EGCG-treated mice, we used MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 to block the activation of Nr...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - December 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Bai Q, Yang X, Lyu Z, Pan Z, Lou J, Dong T Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Corrigendum to "The right hemisphere is dominant in organization of visual search-A study in stroke patients" Behav. Brain Res. 304 (2016) 71-79.
PMID: 27923509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - December 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ten Brink AF, Biesbroek JM, Kuijf HJ, Van der Stigchel S, Oort Q, Visser-Meily JM, Nijboer TC Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Mapping the dynamics of cortical neuroplasticity of skilled motor learning using micro X-ray fluorescence and histofluorescence imaging of zinc in the rat.
Abstract Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) of zinc (Zn) has been recently implemented to understand the efficiency of various therapeutic interventions targeting post-stroke neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. However, it is uncertain if micro XFI can resolve neuroplasticity-induced changes. Thus, we explored if learning-associated behavioral changes would be accompanied by changes in cortical Zn concentration measured by XFI in healthy adult rats. Proficiency in a skilled reach-to-eat task during early and late stages of motor learning served as a functional measure of neuroplasticity. c-Fos pro...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - November 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Alaverdashvili M, Paterson PG Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Diabetes Mitigates the Recovery Following Intracranial Hemorrhage in Rats.
Abstract Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a common subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have examined the effects of diabetes on the recovery from ICH-induced brain injury. Therefore, we examined the effects of diabetes on protein levels of aquaporins, neuronal loss, angiogenesis, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and neurological deficits following intra-DH collagenase-induced ICH in the hippocampus. We found that diabetic rats exhibited enhanced AQP9 expression in the hippocampus relative to non-diabetic rats, which was associated with increased behavioral deficits. Additi...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - November 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Fan Z, Yuan Y, Wang F, Qi Y, Han H, Wu J, Zhang G, Yang L Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Limb remote ischemic conditioning increases Notch signaling activity and promotes arteriogenesis in the ischemic rat brain.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the therapeutic effects of LRIC may involve the promotion of arteriogenesis during the recovery phase after focal cerebral ischemia and that Notch1 signaling seems to be an important player in limb remote ischemia-mediated arteriogenesis. PMID: 27780723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - October 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ren C, Li S, Wang B, Han R, Li N, Gao J, Li X, Jin K, Ji X Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

GSNO promotes functional recovery in experimental TBI by stabilizing HIF-1 α.
GSNO promotes functional recovery in experimental TBI by stabilizing HIF-1α. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Oct 22;: Authors: Khan M, Dhammu TS, Baarine M, Kim J, Paintlia MK, Singh I, Singh AK Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes sustained disability due to compromised neurorepair mechanisms. Crucial to neurorepair and functional recovery following both TBI and stroke is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). Based on reports that HIF-1α could be stabilized via S-nitrosylation, we tested the hypothesis that the S-nitrosylating agent S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) would stabilize HIF-1α, thereby s...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - October 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Khan M, Dhammu TS, Baarine M, Kim J, Paintlia MK, Singh I, Singh AK Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Effects of thalamic hemorrhagic lesions on explicit and implicit learning during the acquisition and retrieval phases in an animal model of central post-stroke pain.
Abstract Hemorrhagic stroke has many symptoms, including central pain, learning and memory impairments, motor deficits, language problems, emotional disturbances, and social maladjustment. Lesions of the ventral basal complex (VBC) of the thalamus elicit thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, forming an animal model of central post-stroke pain (CPSP). However, no research has yet examined the involvement of learning and memory in CPSP using an animal model. The present study examined whether VBC lesions affect motor function, conditioned place preference (CPP; implicit memory), and spatial learning (explicit memory)...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - September 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang CC, Shih HC, Shyu BC, Huang AC Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

ChAT-positive neurons participate in subventricular zone neurogenesis after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.
In this study, we assessed whether these ChAT(+) neurons also participate in stroke-induced neurogenesis. We used a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model produced by transcranial electrocoagulation in mice, atropine (muscarinic cholinergic receptor [mAchR] antagonist), and donepezil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) to investigate the role of ChAT(+) neurons in stroke-induced neurogenesis. We found that mAchRs, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-38 levels in the SVZ were upregulated in mice on day 7 after MCAO. MCAO also significantly increased the number of BrdU/doublecortin-positive cells and...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - September 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang J, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, Lu Z, Gao Y, Wang M, Liu X, Zhou C, Han W, Yan B, Wang J Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Alterations in anxiety and social behaviour in Npas4 deficient mice following photochemically-induced focal cortical stroke.
In this study we investigated the role of Npas4 in modulating these stroke-induced neuropsychiatric responses by comparing the performance of wildtype and Npas4(-/-) mice in various cognitive and behavioural tasks in a photochemical model of focal cortical stroke. We show that this stroke model results in impaired spatial recognition memory and a reduction in despair-like behaviour that affect both genotypes to a similar degree. Moreover, mice lacking Npas4 also show differences in some aspects of post-stroke sociability and anxiety. Specifically, we show that while stroke had no effect on anxiety levels in wildtype mice, ...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Klarić TS, Jaehne EJ, Koblar SA, Baune BT, Lewis MD Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Factors Affecting Post-stroke Motor Recovery: Implications on Neurotherapy after Brain Injury.
Abstract Neurological disorders are a major cause of chronic disability globally among which stroke is a leading cause of chronic disability. The advances in the medical management of stroke patients over the past decade have significantly reduced mortality, but at the same time increased numbers of disabled survivors. Unfortunately, this reduction in mortality was not paralleled by satisfactory therapeutics and rehabilitation strategies that can improve functional recovery of patients. Motor recovery after brain injury is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial process in which an interplay among genetic, pathophy...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Alawieh A, Zhao J, Feng W Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Helium preconditioning protects the brain against hypoxia/ischemia injury via improving the neurovascular niche in a neonatal rat model.
This study aimed to investigate whether helium preconditioning (He-PC) is able to exert neuroprotective effects via improving focal neurovascular niche in a neonatal rat hypoxia/ischemia (HI) brain injury model. Seven day old rat pups were divided into control group, HI group and He-PC group. HI was induced by exposure to 8% oxygen for 90min one day after preconditioning with 70% helium-30% oxygen for three 5-min periods. At 3 and 7 days, the brain was collected for the detection of inflammation related factors (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-10) and growth/neurotrophic factors (brain-deriv...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Li Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Liu W, Yin N Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effects of Sirt1 against focal cerebral ischemia in rats after hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning.
Abstract Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a class III histone deacetylase involved in neuroprotection induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) in animal models of ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be illustrated. In the present study, rats exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used to establish an ischemic stroke model. The infarct volume ratio, neurobehavioral score, and expressions of Sirt1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated at 7days after reperfusion, and the level of malondialdehy...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - April 26, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Xue F, Huang JW, Ding PY, Zang HG, Kou ZJ, Li T, Fan J, Peng ZW, Yan WJ Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Increased ventral premotor cortex recruitment after arm training in an fMRI study with subacute stroke patients.
Abstract To investigate therapy associated changes in the cerebral representation of movement after stroke, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an active and a passive motor task for the affected and unaffected hand before and after a three week comprehensive hand motor training. Twelve patients in the subacute phase from 2 to 9 weeks after mild to moderate motor stroke were recruited. During fMRI, the active task comprised fist clenching, which was precisely controlled for motor performance by visual feedback of force and frequency. The passive task consisted of wrist flexion-extension of ...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - April 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Horn U, Roschka S, Eyme K, Walz AD, Platz T, Lotze M Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

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