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Reply to the Comment on “Comparison of Dabigatran Versus Warfarin Treatment for Prevention of New Cerebral Lesions in Valvular Atrial Fibrillation”
We thank Dr. Abrahim et al for their interest and valuable comment on our study.1 In the methodology section, we intended to recruit stable patients who were able to use the standard anticoagulation in the outpatient setting. Therefore, we excluded the patients with acute stroke within 2  weeks or patients with high-bleeding risk. All the patients received standard rate control therapy according to the relevant guideline.2 The proportion of medications for rate control such as β blocker (56% of overall patients), calcium channel blocker (24%), or digitalis (31%) were already prese nted, and the mean heart rate was 74.1 ± 14.2 beats/min.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - October 10, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Min Soo Cho, Duk-Hyun Kang, Kee-Joon Choi Source Type: research

Using Thoracic Artery Calcium Score to Predict Stroke
We are very enthused about the concept presented by Obisesan et al.1 regarding the use of thoracic artery calcium (TAC) as a predictor of stroke mortality. The logic on why aortic atherosclerosis is more closely related (to stroke mortality) than coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores is intriguing – we initially expected it to run in parallel but the explanation they give makes good sense. We also really appreciate the practicality – that it can be done easily with the data already acquired.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 17, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joseph C. Lee, Sushil Allen Luis, Alaa Alghamry Source Type: research

Thoracic Aortic Calcium For The Prediction Of Stroke Mortality (From The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium)
Thoracic aortic calcium(TAC) is an important marker of extra-coronary atherosclerosis with established predictive value for all-cause mortality. We sought to explore the predictive value of TAC for stroke mortality, independent of the more established coronary artery calcium(CAC) score. The CAC Consortium is a retrospectively assembled database of 66,636 patients aged ≥18 years with no prior history of cardiovascular disease, baseline CAC scans for risk stratification, and follow-up for 12±4 years.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - March 2, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Olufunmilayo H. Obisesan, Albert D. Osei, Daniel Berman, Zeina A. Dardari, S.M Iftekhar Uddin, Omar Dzaye, Olusola A. Orimoloye, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael D Miedema, John Rumberger, Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, Ellen Boakye, Michelle C. Johansen, Alan Rozan Source Type: research

Meta-analysis Evaluating Calcium Channel Blockers and the Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Hypertension
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It affects 8.5 million Americans aged 40 years and above, and 202 million people worldwide.1 Given the significant burden and resource utilization associated with PAD, strategies for preventing the development of PAD could have an enormous impact. Hypertension is an established risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease including PAD. Over the past two decades, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the efficacy of various antihypertensive agents in reducing mortality and other major adverse...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - December 26, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Suchith Shetty, Aaqib H. Malik, Herman Feringa, Ramzi El Accaoui, Saket Girotra Source Type: research

Usefulness of the Echocardiographic Calcium Score to Refine Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Beyond the Traditional Framingham Risk Score
Echocardiographic calcifications are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A recently described semi-quantitative Global Cardiac Calcium Score (GCCS) has been associated with mortality and stroke, with increasing scores associated with increasing risk. This score assigns points for calcium in the aortic root and valve, mitral valve and annulus, and submitral apparatus, with additional points for restricted leaflet mobility. We tested the hypothesis that the GCCS could improve prediction of MACE beyond traditional risk scores.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - October 18, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Shuchita Gupta, Marvin Lu, Evan J. Friend, Gregg S. Pressman Source Type: research

Relation of Diastolic Blood Pressure and Coronary Artery Calcium to Coronary Events and Outcomes (From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Diastolic blood pressure has a J-curve relationship with coronary heart disease and death. Because this association is thought to reflect reduced coronary perfusion at low diastolic blood pressure, we hypothesized that the J-curve would be most pronounced among persons with coronary artery calcium. Among 6,811 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we used Cox models to examine if diastolic blood pressure category is associated with coronary heart disease events, stroke, and mortality.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faisal Rahman, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Michael J. Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Matthew J Budoff, Bruce M. Psaty, Wendy S. Post, Roger S. Blumenthal, John W. McEvoy Source Type: research

Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin in Patients Taking Nondihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers for Atrial Fibrillation (from the ROCKET AF Trial)
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (non-DHP CCBs) possess combined P-glycoprotein and moderate CYP3A4 inhibition, which may lead to increased exposure of medications that are substrates for these metabolic pathways, such as rivaroxaban. We evaluated the use and outcomes of non-DHP CCBs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF).
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - May 29, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jeffrey B. Washam, Anne S. Hellkamp, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Jonathan P. Piccini, Scott D. Berkowitz, Christopher C. Nessel, Richard C. Becker, G ünter Breithardt, Keith A.A. Fox, Jonathan L. Halperin, Graeme J. Hankey, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Daniel E. Singer, Tags: Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances Source Type: research

PP-096 A Newly Defined CHA2DS2-VASc-CAC Score and Using Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity by Computed Tomography
CHA2DS2-VASc scores are validated tools for assessing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). It is known that traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease and CHAD2 VASc score's parameters are similar.We formulated the CHA2DS2-VASc-CAC score comprising coronary calcium score(CACS) in addition to the components of the CHA2DS2-VASc score and male instead of female gender as We evaluated multivariable risk assessment tools to identify those at high risk of severe CAD in patients who underwent computed tomography(CT).
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - March 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bora Demircelik, Mahmut Gunes, Muhammed Kemal Yahyalar, Meltem Altinsoy, Fadime Bozduman, Ozgul Malcok Gurel, Beyhan Eryonucu Tags: Poster Abstract Source Type: research

Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation (From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Calcified coronary arteries are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and stroke. It is currently unknown whether coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We addressed this question in 6,641 participants (mean age 62 ± 10; 53% women; 62% non-whites) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who were free of baseline clinical cardiovascular disease and AF. CAC measurements were assessed by cardiac computed tomography (CT) at study baseline.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - September 14, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wesley T. O’Neal, Jimmy T. Efird, Farah Z. Dawood, Joseph Yeboah, Alvaro Alonso, Susan R. Heckbert, Elsayed Z. Soliman Source Type: research

Future of Polypill Use for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Strokes
In conclusion, a polypill treatment strategy may be effective in the prevention of CVD and stroke, but, to be cost-effective, it may be reasonable to target patients with a high CACS and FRS.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 9, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steven G. Chrysant, George S. Chrysant Tags: Review Source Type: research

Effects of Valsartan Versus Amlodipine in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients With or Without Previous Cardiovascular Disease
In conclusion, the ARB- and the CCB-based treatments exerted similar protective effects of CVD events regardless of the presence of previous CVD. For stroke events, the ARB may have more protective effects than the CCB in diabetic hypertensive patients with previous CVD.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - September 16, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kentaro Yamashita, Takahisa Kondo, Takashi Muramatsu, Kunihiro Matsushita, Takanori Nagahiro, Kengo Maeda, Satoshi Shintani, Toyoaki Murohara Tags: Systemic Hypertension Source Type: research