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Obtaining Accelerometer Data in a National Cohort of Black and White Adults
Conclusions: Using mail and telephone methods, it is feasible to obtain objective measures of physical activity from a sizeable proportion of a national cohort of adults, with similar participation rates among blacks and whites. Linked with the clinical health information collected through follow-up, these data will allow future analyses on the association between objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and health outcomes.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - June 19, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: SPECIAL COMMUNICATIONS: Methodological Advances Source Type: research

Warm Skin Alters Cardiovascular Responses to Cycling after Preheating and Precooling
Purpose: Exercise in hot conditions increases core (TC) and skin temperature (TSK) and can lead to a progressive rise in HR and decline in stroke volume (SV) during prolonged exercise. Thermoregulatory-driven elevations in skin blood flow (SkBF) adds complexity to cardiovascular regulation during exercise in these conditions. Presently, the dominant, although debated, view is that raising TSK increases SkBF and reduces SV through diminished venous return; however, this scenario has not been rigorously investigated across core and skin temperatures. We tested the hypothesis that high TSK would raise HR and reduce SV during ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 18, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Post-Walking Exercise Hypotension in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of intermittent walking exercise (WE) on blood pressure (BP) responses in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Secondly, this study aimed to gain improved insight into the physiological mechanisms controlling BP regulation after intermittent WE in this patient group. Methods: Twenty patients with IC participated in two experimental sessions in a random order, as follows: WE (15 × 2-min bouts of WE interpolated with 2-min rest intervals) and control (standing rest on a treadmill for 60 min). BP, cardiac output (CO: CO2 rebreathing), and cardiovascular autonomic modu...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 20, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Within-Session Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Chronic Stroke
Conclusions: For treadmill HIT in chronic stroke, a combination of P30 and P60 may optimize aerobic intensity, treadmill speed, and stepping repetition, potentially leading to greater improvements in aerobic capacity and gait outcomes in future studies.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 20, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

The Effect of Water Immersion during Exercise on Cerebral Blood Flow
We examined the hypothesis that exercise during immersion augments cerebral blood flow velocity compared with intensity-matched land-based exercise. Methods: Fifteen normotensive participants were recruited (26 ± 4 yr, 24.3 ± 1.9 kg·m−2). We continuously assessed mean arterial blood pressure, HR, stroke volume, oxygen consumption, and blood flow velocities through the middle and posterior cerebral arteries before, during, and after 20-min bouts of water- and land-based stepping exercise of matched intensity. The order in which the exercise conditions were performed was randomized between subjects. Water-based exercise...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 20, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Central and Peripheral Cardiovascular Impairments Limit V˙O2peak in Type 1 Diabetes
We examined the contribution of central and peripheral mechanisms to V˙O2peak in physically active adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Seven men with type 1 diabetes and 10 healthy age-, anthropometry-, and physical activity–matched men performed incremental cycling exercise until volitional fatigue. Alveolar gas exchange (turbine and mass spectrometry), cardiac function and systemic vascular resistance (impedance cardiography), and local active leg muscle deoxygenation and blood flow (near infrared spectroscopy) were monitored. Arterial–venous O2 difference was calculated (Fick principle). Blood volume (BV) (carbon...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 20, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Effectiveness of Cold Water Immersion in the Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke at the Falmouth Road Race
Conclusions: CWI was found to effectively treat all cases of EHS observed in this study. CWI provided similar treatment outcomes in all patients, with no significant differences noted on the basis of initial Tr, age, or sex. On the basis of the 100% survival rate from EHS in this large cohort, it is recommended that immediate (on site) CWI be implemented for the treatment of EHS.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - January 20, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Heat Waves, Aging, and Human Cardiovascular Health
ABSTRACT: This brief review is based on a President’s Lecture presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in 2013. The purpose of this review was to assess the effects of climate change and consequent increases in environmental heat stress on the aging cardiovascular system. The earth’s average global temperature is slowly but consistently increasing, and along with mean temperature changes come increases in heat wave frequency and severity. Extreme passive thermal stress resulting from prolonged elevations in ambient temperature and prolonged physical activity in hot environments creates...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 1, 2014 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

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