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Differences within Elite Female Tennis Players during an Incremental Field Test
Conclusions Compared with juniors, female professional tennis players possess higher exercise capacity, maximal and submaximal aerobic attributes along with faster backhand stroke velocities during an incremental field test specific to tennis.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - November 15, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Postexercise Hemodynamic Responses in Lean and Obese Men
Purpose We assessed resting central/peripheral blood pressure (BP), postexercise BP, and hemodynamic responses (stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance) after acute exercise and 2 wk of aerobic training in lean and centrally obese men matched for BP. Methods Eight lean (body mass index 30 kg·m−2, visceral fat = 1471 ± 374 cm3) men performed six training sessions (3 d·wk−1 for 40 min at 65%–70% HRmax). Resting BP and hemodynamic measurements were obtained at baseline, after exercise for 60 min, and at 24 h and 48 h after the last training session. Results Postexercise brachial and ce...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - October 17, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: APPLIED SCIENCES Source Type: research

Acute Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on Arterial and Platelet Function
Purpose Acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke are associated with arterial events involving platelets, the endothelium, and atherosclerosis. Although regular physical activity is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, risk is transiently increased during and immediately after participation in an acute bout of exercise. No previous study has investigated the acute impact of exercise on platelet activation and arterial function in the same participants; it is also unknown if responses are dependent on exercise modality. We hypothesized that commonly adopted, yet physiologically distinct, ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - March 16, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Applied Sciences Source Type: research

FES-assisted Cycling Improves Aerobic Capacity and Locomotor Function Postcerebrovascular Accident
ConclusionsThese results support FES-assisted cycling as a means to improve both aerobic capacity and locomotor function. Improvements in SSWS, balance, dynamic walking movements, and participation in familial and societal roles are important targets for rehabilitation of individuals after CVA. Interestingly, the correlation between PSR and PPR suggests that improvements in pedaling symmetry may translate to a more symmetric gait pattern. Purpose After a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) aerobic deconditioning contributes to diminished physical function. Functional electrical stimulation (FES)–assisted cycling is a prom...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Effects of Sedentary Aging and Lifelong Exercise on Left Ventricular Systolic Function
ABSTRACTPurposeThe current study examined whether age-related changes in left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic function is an adaptation to a more sedentary lifestyle and can be preserved by lifelong exercise training.MethodsA cross-sectional examination of 18 sedentary young (37 ± 6 yr), 29 sedentary seniors (71 ± 5 yr, 0–3 exercise sessions per week), and 26 seniors (68 ± 5 yr) who had performed a committed level (four to seven exercise sessions per week) of lifelong (>25 yr) exercise. Invasive right heart catheterization (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) and noninvasive measures of LV function were collect...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 16, 2018 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Applied Sciences Source Type: research

Children with Burn Injury Have Impaired Cardiac Output during Submaximal Exercise
Introduction: Burn trauma damages resting cardiac function; however, it is currently unknown if the cardiovascular response to exercise is likewise impaired. We tested the hypothesis that, in children, burn injury lowers cardiac output (Q˙) and stroke volume (SV) during submaximal exercise. Methods: Five children with 49% ± 4% total body surface area (BSA) burned (two female, 11.7 ± 1 yr, 40.4 ± 18 kg, 141.1 ± 9 cm) and eight similar nonburned controls (five female, 12.5 ± 2 yr, 58.0 ± 17 kg, 147.3 ± 12 cm) with comparable exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption [peak V˙O2]: 31.9 ± 11 vs 36.8 ± 8 mL O2·kg�...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 19, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Mechanics during and after Resistance Exercise
Purpose: To improve the current understanding of the impact of resistance exercise on the heart, by examining the acute responses of left ventricular (LV) strain, twist, and untwisting rate (“LV mechanics”). Methods: LV echocardiographic images were recorded in systole and diastole before, during and immediately after (7–12 s) double-leg press exercise at two intensities (30% and 60% of maximum strength, one-repetition maximum). Speckle tracking analysis generated LV strain, twist, and untwisting rate data. Additionally, beat-by-beat blood pressure was recorded and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and LV wall stre...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - September 19, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Comparisons of Noninvasive Methods Used to Assess Exercise Stroke Volume in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Conclusions: Constituting a clinically impactful step towards construct validation testing, these data suggest SVACET, SVECHO, and O2pulse demonstrate moderate-to-strong concurrent validity for measuring/predicting exercise SV in HFpEF.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 17, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Technical Alterations during an Incremental Field Test in Elite Male Tennis Players
Purpose: We investigated technical and physiological responses along with their relationships during an incremental field test to exhaustion specific to tennis (TEST) in elite players. Methods: Twenty male elite tennis players completed TEST, which consisted of hitting alternatively forehand and backhand strokes at increasing ball frequency (ball machine) every minute. Ball accuracy (BA), ball velocity (BV), and tennis performance (TP) index (TP = BA × BV) were determined by radar and video analysis for each stroke, in addition to cardiorespiratory responses and blood lactate concentrations. Results: At low intensities ...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - August 17, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Applied Sciences Source Type: research

Continuous Cardiac Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses to Isometric Exercise
Purpose: Elevated arterial blood pressure (BP) is associated with autonomic dysfunction and impaired hemodynamic control mechanisms. Isometric exercise (IE) training has been demonstrated effective at reducing BP; however, the continuous cardiovascular responses during IE are underinvestigated. We hypothesized that reflex autonomic cardiovascular control is an important mediator in reducing BP. To test our hypothesis, we investigated continuous cardiac autonomic modulation and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) in response to IE. Methods: Twenty-five prehypertensive participants performed a single IE wall squat trainin...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - July 18, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Physical Activity and Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Conclusions: Compared with a poor PA level, the PA recommended by the World Health Organization was associated with lower lifetime risk of CVD, but not total cancer, in both men and women.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - July 18, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Aquatic Treadmill Exercise
Introduction: Aquatic treadmills are used as a rehabilitation method for conditions such as spinal cord injury, osteoarthritis, and stroke, and can facilitate an earlier return to exercise training for athletes. However, their effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses has not been examined. We tested the hypothesis that aquatic treadmill exercise would augment CBF and lower HR compared with land-based treadmill exercise. Methods: Eleven participants completed incremental exercise (crossover design) starting from walking pace (4 km·h−1, immersed to iliac crest [aquatic], 6 km·h−1 [land]) and increasing 1 km·h−...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - June 17, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Mortality Risk Reductions from Substituting Screen Time by Discretionary Activities
Conclusion: Substantial public health benefits could be gained by replacing small amounts of screen time with daily life activities and structured exercise. Daily life activities may provide feasible screen time alternatives, if structured exercise is initially too ambitious.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - May 17, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Drift during Training for Fitness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Purpose: The health benefits of a training program are largely influenced by the exercise dose and intensity. We sought to determine whether during a training bout of continuous versus interval exercise the workload needs to be reduced to maintain the prescribed target heart rate (HR). Methods: Fourteen obese (31 ± 4 kg·m−2) middle-age (57 ± 8 yr) individuals with metabolic syndrome, underwent two exercise training bouts matched by energy expenditure (i.e., 70 ± 5 min of continuous exercise [CE] or 45 min of interval exercise, high-intensity interval training [HIIT]). All subjects completed both trials in a randomiz...
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - February 18, 2017 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Applied Sciences Source Type: research

Strength Training and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Conclusions: These data support the inclusion of muscle-strengthening exercises in physical activity regimens for reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of aerobic exercise. Further research is needed to determine the optimum dose and intensity of muscle-strengthening exercises.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 16, 2016 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

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