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Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

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Total 82 results found since Jan 2013.

Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side‐Effect Profiles
ABSTRACT Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. However, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine‐induced valvopathy, stroke (phenylpropanolamine), excess non‐fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro‐psychiatric issues (rimonabant ‐ approved in Europe, but not in the US). This negative experience has helped mold the current drug dev...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrew J. Krentz, Ken Fujioka, Marcus Hompesch Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Revitalization of Pioglitazone: The Optimal Agent to be Combined with an SGLT2 Inhibitor
ABSTRACT The recently completed EMPA‐REG study demonstrated that empagliflozin significantly decreased the MACE endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, stroke) in high risk type 2 diabetic patients, primarily due to a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either myocardial infarction or stroke. In PROactive, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that in EMPA‐REG, due to a marked reduction in both recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. These observations suggest that pioglitazone might be an ideal agent to c...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 25, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo, Robert Chilton, Luke Norton, Geoffrey Clarke, Robert E.J. Ryder, Muhammad Abdul‐Ghani Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Gliptins‐mediated neuroprotection against stroke requires chronic pre‐treatment and is glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor independent
Abstract Gliptins are anti‐type 2 diabetic (T2D) drugs regulating glycaemia by preventing endogenous glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) degradation. Chronically administered gliptins before experimental stroke can also induce neuroprotection and this effect is potentially relevant to reduce brain damage in high stroke‐risk T2D patients. However, it is unknown: 1) whether acute gliptins‐treatment after stroke (mimicking a post‐hospitalization treatment) is neuroprotective 2) whether gliptins‐mediated neuroprotection occurs via GLP‐1‐receptor (GLP‐1R) activation. To answer these two questions, wt and glp...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vladimer Darsalia, Martin Larsson, Grazyna Lietzau, David Nathanson, Thomas Nyström, Thomas Klein, Cesare Patrone Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

Ten‐year observational follow‐up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - January 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Erdmann, S. Harding, H. Lam, A. Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Relationship of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic episodes to 4‐year cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin
ConclusionsOngoing poorer glucose control was associated with CV events; hypoglycaemia was not associated with CV‐specific/all‐cause death.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - December 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: N. Freemantle, N. Danchin, F. Calvi‐Gries, M. Vincent, P. D. Home Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

10‐Year Observational Follow‐Up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Erland Erdmann, Sarah Harding, Hung Lam, Alfonso Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Relationship of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic episodes to 4‐year CV outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin
ConclusionsOngoing poorer glucose control was associated with CV events; hypoglycaemia was not associated with CV/all‐cause death.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - October 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: N. Freemantle, N. Danchin, F. Calvi‐Gries, Maya Vincent, P. D. Home Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibition: a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled cardiovascular outcome trials
We report a total of 3334 CV events during 86 716 person‐years of follow‐up in 36 543 patients, when combining data from 3 trials with formal and prospectively assessed endpoints. Fixed effect meta‐analysis demonstrated that compared with placebo, DPP‐4 inhibition did not increase the upper boundary of risk for the composite endpoint, nor any individual component by greater than 30%: relative risks were 0.99 for composite CV death, non‐fatal MI and non‐fatal stroke (CI 0.93 to 1.06); 1.01 for CV death (CI, 0.91 to 1.12); 0.98 for non‐fatal MI (CI, 0.89 to 1.09); and 1.00 for non‐fatal stroke (CI, 0.86 to 1....
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - October 29, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Allyah S. Abbas, Hakim‐Moulay Dehbi, Kausik K. Ray Tags: RESEARCH LETTER Source Type: research

Cardiovascular and heart failure safety profile of vildagliptin: a meta‐analysis of 17 000 patients
ConclusionsThis large meta‐analysis indicates that vildagliptin is not associated with an increased risk of adjudicated MACEs relative to comparators. Moreover, this analysis did not find a significant increased risk of HF in vildagliptin‐treated patients.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - September 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. McInnes, M. Evans, S. Del Prato, M. Stumvoll, A. Schweizer, V. Lukashevich, Q. Shao, W. Kothny Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular and heart failure safety profile of vildagliptin: a meta‐analysis of 17000 patients
ConclusionsThis large meta‐analysis indicates that vildagliptin is not associated with an increased risk for adjudicated MACE relative to comparators. Moreover, this analysis did not find a significant increased risk of HF in vildagliptin‐treated patients.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - August 1, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gordon McInnes, Marc Evans, Stefano Del Prato, Michael Stumvoll, Anja Schweizer, Valentina Lukashevich, Qing Shao, Wolfgang Kothny Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Case–control study of second‐line therapies for type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin and the comparative risks of myocardial infarction and stroke
ABSTRACT We conducted a population‐based case–control study to assess the myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke risks associated with sulfonylureas and insulin when used in combination with metformin. Cases had type 2 diabetes and used metformin + insulin or metformin + sulfonylureas at the time of a first MI or first stroke from 1995–2010; controls used the same treatment combinations and were randomly sampled from the same population. MI and stroke diagnoses and potential confounders were validated by medical record reviews. Compared with metformin + sulfonylurea, metformin + insulin was associated ...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 14, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: James S. Floyd, Kerri L. Wiggins, Colleen M. Sitlani, James H. Flory, Sascha Dublin, Nicholas L. Smith, Susan R. Heckbert, Bruce M. Psaty Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research

Cardiovascular safety of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist taspoglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
ConclusionsThe available data suggest that short‐term, once‐weekly administration of taspoglutide was not associated with an excess risk of CVD, and provide insights relevant to the development of other novel once‐weekly incretin mimetics.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 4, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: S. R. K. Seshasai, R. L. Bennett, J. R. Petrie, M. Bengus, S. Ekman, M. Dixon, M. Herz, J. B. Buse, K. K. Ray Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Regional, age and sex differences in baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS)
ConclusionThe CV risk factors of participants in TECOS are reasonably controlled, but differences in CV risk management according to region, sex and history of disease exist. This diversity will enhance the generalizability of the trial results.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 13, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. A. Bethel, J. B. Green, J. Milton, A. Tajar, S. S. Engel, R. M. Califf, R. R. Holman, Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular safety of the GLP‐1 receptor agonist taspoglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: An individual participant data meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
ConclusionsAvailable data suggest that short‐term, once‐weekly administration of taspoglutide was not associated with an excess risk of CVD, and provide insights relevant to the development of other novel once‐weekly incretin‐mimetics.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 5, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sreenivasa Rao Kondapally Seshasai, Rachel L. Bennett, John R. Petrie, Monica Bengus, Steffan Ekman, Mark Dixon, Matthias Herz, John B. Buse, Kausik K. Ray Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Regional, age, and sex differences in baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS)
ConclusionCV risk factors of TECOS participants are reasonably controlled on average, but differences in CV risk management according to region, sex, and history of prior disease exist. This diversity will enhance generalizability of the trial results.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - January 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. A. Bethel, J.B. Green, J. Milton, A. Tajar, S. S. Engel, R. M. Califf, R. R. Holman, Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research