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Neuroserpin expression during human brain development and in adult brain revealed by immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing.
Abstract Neuroserpin is a serine-protease inhibitor mainly expressed in the CNS and involved in the inhibition of the proteolytic cascade. Animal models confirmed its neuroprotective role in perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia and adult stroke. Although neuroserpin may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of the aforementioned conditions, there is still no information in the literature on its distribution during human brain development. The present study provides a detailed description of the changing spatiotemporal patterns of neuroserpin focusing on physiological human brain development. Five stages were d...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 15, 2019 Category: Anatomy Authors: Adorjan I, Tyler T, Bhaduri A, Demharter S, Finszter CK, Bako M, Sebok OM, Nowakowski TJ, Khodosevich K, Møllgård K, Kriegstein AR, Shi L, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Ansorge O, Molnár Z Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Anatomy of the pontine arteries and perforators of the basilar artery in humans
J Anat. 2023 Jul 6. doi: 10.1111/joa.13927. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCerebral blood flow constitutes a critical area of interest for neurologists, neurosurgeons, and interventional radiologists as a social burden related to ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and vascular dementia is expected to intensify. There is a great need to develop new and effective therapies, therefore deepening understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy, physiology, and pathology is crucial. The main aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive classification of the pontine arteries considering their typology, relations to the cranial nerve...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - July 7, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Magdalena Kwiatkowska Rados ław Rzepliński Bogdan Ciszek Source Type: research

Distribution of the hematopoietic growth factor G-CSF and its receptor in the adult human brain with specific reference to Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), being a member of the hematopoietic growth factor family, is also critically involved in controlling proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Treatment with G-CSF has been shown to result in substantial neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in various experimental models of acute and chronic diseases of the central nervous system. Although G-CSF has been tested in a clinical study for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, there is only fragmentary data on the distribution of this cytokine and its receptor in the human brain. Therefore...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 5, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ridwan S, Bauer H, Frauenknecht K, Hefti K, von Pein H, Sommer CJ Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Sensory control of normal movement and of movement aided by neural prostheses.
This article provides a brief review of various theories, past and present, that address these questions. To what extent has the knowledge gained resulted in clinical applications? Muscles paralyzed as a result of spinal cord injury or stroke can be activated by electrical stimulation delivered by neuroprostheses. In practice, at most two or three sensors can be deployed on the human body, providing only a small fraction of the information supplied by the tens of thousands of sensory receptors in animals. Most of the neuroprostheses developed so far do not provide continuous feedback control. Instead, they switch from one ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - June 5, 2015 Category: Anatomy Authors: Prochazka A Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Novel insights into early neuroanatomical evolution in penguins from the oldest described penguin brain endocast.
Abstract Digital methodologies for rendering the gross morphology of the brain from X-ray computed tomography data have expanded our current understanding of the origin and evolution of avian neuroanatomy and provided new perspectives on the cognition and behavior of birds in deep time. However, fossil skulls germane to extracting digital endocasts from early stem members of extant avian lineages remain exceptionally rare. Data from early-diverging species of major avian subclades provide key information on ancestral morphologies in Aves and shifts in gross neuroanatomical structure that have occurred within those...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - February 24, 2016 Category: Anatomy Authors: Proffitt JV, Clarke JA, Scofield RP Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Successive motor nerve blocks to identify the muscles causing a spasticity pattern: example of the arm flexion pattern.
Abstract Botulinum Toxin A has been the main treatment for spasticity since the beginning of the 1990s. Surprisingly, there is still no consensus regarding injection parameters or, importantly, how to determine which muscles to target to improve specific functions. The aim of this study was to develop a systematic approach to determine this, using the example of the arm flexion pattern. We first determined anatomical landmarks for selective motor block of the brachialis nerve, using 20 forearms from 10 fresh cadavers in Ecole Européenne de Chirurgie and a university-based dissection centre, Paris, France. We then...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - September 5, 2016 Category: Anatomy Authors: Genet F, Schnitzler A, Droz-Bartholet F, Salga M, Tatu L, Debaud C, Denormandie P, Parratte B Tags: J Anat Source Type: research

Advancements in left ventricular assist devices to prevent pump thrombosis and blood coagulopathy
J Anat. 2022 Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/joa.13675. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are very useful in improving outcomes in patients with advanced-stage heart failure. Despite recent advances in LVAD development, pump thrombosis is one of the most severe adverse events caused by LVADs. The contact of blood with artificial materials of LVAD pumps and cannulas triggers the coagulation cascade. Heat spots, for example, produced by mechanical bearings are often subjected to thrombus build-up when low-flow situations impair washout and thus th...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - April 21, 2022 Category: Anatomy Authors: Grainne Malone Gerges Abdelsayed Fianait Bligh Fatma Al Qattan Saifullah Syed Prateepan Varatharajullu Augustin Msellati Daniela Mwipatayi Maimoona Azhar Andrew Malone Saulat H Fatimi Claire Conway Aamir Hameed Source Type: research

Masticatory myology of the llama (Lama glama, Camelidae) and comparisons with other camelids and euungulates
J Anat. 2023 Jun 8. doi: 10.1111/joa.13891. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCamelids are the only living representatives of the Suborder Tylopoda, and present a unique set of osteo-myological masticatory features, differing from all other extant euungulates. They combine selenodont dentition and rumination with a fused symphysis, and roughly plesiomorphic muscle proportions. Despite its potential relevance as an euungulate model in comparative anatomy studies, the available data is strikingly scarce. The present study represents the first description of the masticatory muscles of a Lamini, analyzing the functional morphology...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - June 8, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Marcos D Ercoli Alicia Álvarez S Roc ío Moyano Source Type: research