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Population ageing and mortality during 1990 –2017: A global decomposition analysis
ConclusionsIn this study, we found that population ageing was associated with substantial changes in numbers of deaths between 1990 and 2017, but the attributed proportion of deaths varied widely across country income levels, countries, and causes of death. Specific preventive and therapeutic techniques should be implemented in different countries and territories to address the growing health needs related to population ageing, especially targeting the diseases associated with the largest increase in number of deaths in the elderly.
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 7, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Xunjie Cheng Source Type: research

A multiple risk factor program  is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in 70-year-olds: A cohort study from Sweden
ConclusionsIn this study, a primary prevention program was associated with a lower risk of CVD in community-dwelling 70-year-olds. With the limitation of this being an observational study, the associations may partly be explained by improved control of classic risk factors for CVD with the program.
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 10, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Anna Nordstr öm Source Type: research

Opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation by clinical pharmacists in UK general practice during the influenza vaccination season: A cross-sectional feasibility study
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that AF screening performed by GP practice –based pharmacists was feasible, economically viable, and positively endorsed by participants. Furthermore, diagnosis of AF by the clinical pharmacist using anSLECG was more sensitive and more specific than the use of pulse palpation alone. Future research should explore the key barriers preventing the adoption of national screening programmes.
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 16, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Vilius Savickas Source Type: research

The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990 –2017: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study
ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that the number of global deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI has substantially increased between 1990 and 2017. Successful population-wide initiatives targeting high BMI may mitigate the burden of a wide range of diseases. Given the large variations in high-BMI-related burden of disease by SDI, future strategies to prevent and reduce the burden should be developed and implemented based on country-specific development status.
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 27, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Haijiang Dai Source Type: research

Development and validation of a model for predicting incident type 2 diabetes using quantitative clinical data and a Bayesian logistic model: A nationwide cohort and modeling study
ConclusionsOur results show that a Bayesian logistic model using full-information continuous predictors has high predictive discrimination, and can be used to quantify race- and sex-specific T2D risk, providing a new, powerful predictive tool. This tool can be used for T2D prevention efforts including weight loss therapy by allowing clinicians to target high-risk individuals in a manner that could be used to optimize outcomes.
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 6, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Lua Wilkinson Source Type: research

Egg and cholesterol consumption and mortality from cardiovascular and different causes in the United States: A population-based cohort study
ConclusionsIn this study, intakes of eggs and cholesterol were associated with higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The increased mortality associated with egg consumption was largely influenced by cholesterol intake. Our findings suggest limiting cholesterol intake and replacing whole eggs with egg whites/substitutes or other alternative protein sources for facilitating cardiovascular health and long-term survival. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00340015.
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 9, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Pan Zhuang Source Type: research

Blood pressure-lowering treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation: An individual participant data meta-analysis
ConclusionsIn this meta-analysis, we found that BP-lowering treatment reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events similarly in individuals with and without AF. Pharmacological BP lowering for prevention of cardiovascular events should be recommended in patients with AF.
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes Source Type: research

Evaluation of a package of risk-based pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in rural China: A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
by Xiaolin Wei, Zhitong Zhang, Marc K. C. Chong, Joseph P. Hicks, Weiwei Gong, Guanyang Zou, Jieming Zhong, John D. Walley, Ross E. G. Upshur, Min Yu BackgroundPrimary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires adequate control of hypertension and diabetes. We designed and implemented pharmaceutical and healthy lifestyle interventions for patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in rural primary care, and assessed their effectiveness at reducing severe CVD events. Methods and findingsWe used a pragmatic, parallel group, 2-arm, controlled, superiority, cluster trial design. We randomised 67 township hospitals in ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 1, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Xiaolin Wei Source Type: research

Cardiac risk stratification in cancer patients: A longitudinal patient –patient network analysis
by Yuan Hou, Yadi Zhou, Muzna Hussain, G. Thomas Budd, Wai Hong Wilson Tang, James Abraham, Bo Xu, Chirag Shah, Rohit Moudgil, Zoran Popovic, Chris Watson, Leslie Cho, Mina Chung, Mohamed Kanj, Samir Kapadia, Brian Griffin, Lars Svensson, Patrick Collier, Feixiong Cheng BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in general population and the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer survivors after recurrent malignancy in the United States. The growing awareness of cancer therapy –related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has led to an emerging field of cardio-oncology; yet, there is limited k...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 2, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yuan Hou Source Type: research

Intrinsic capacity and its associations with incident dependence and mortality in 10/66 Dementia Research Group studies in Latin America, India, and China: A population-based cohort study
ConclusionsIn this study we observed a high prevalence of DICs, particularly in older age groups. Those affected had substantially increased risks of dependence and death. Most needs for care arose in those with DIC yet to become frail. Our findings provide some support for the strategy of optimising intrinsic capacity in pursuit of healthy ageing. Implementation at scale requires community-based screening and assessment, and a stepped-care intervention approach, with redefined roles for community healthcare workers and efforts to engage, train, and support them in these tasks. ICOPE might be usefully integrated into commu...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 14, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Martin J. Prince Source Type: research

Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study
We examined the associations between DSR and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 451,390 adults enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study (1992 to 2014, median follow-up: 17 years), free of cancer, diabetes, heart attack, or stroke at baseline. Usual dietary intakes were assessed at recruitment with country-specific dietary questionnaires (DQs). DSR of an individual ’s yearly diet was calculated based on the absolute number of unique biological species in each (composite) food and drink. Associations were assessed by fitting multivariable-adjusted Cox propor...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 18, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Giles T. Hanley-Cook Source Type: research

Plant-based diets and incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in African Americans: A cohort study
ConclusionsIn this study of black Americans, we observed that, unlike in prior studies, greater adherence to a plant-based diet was not associated with CVD or all-cause mortality.
Source: PLoS Medicine - January 5, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Leah J. Weston Source Type: research

A comparison over 2 decades of disability-free life expectancy at age 65 years for those with long-term conditions in England: Analysis of the 2 longitudinal Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies
by Holly Q. Bennett, Andrew Kingston, Ilianna Lourida, Louise Robinson, Lynne Corner, Carol Brayne, Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Jagger, the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Collaboration BackgroundPrevious research has examined the improvements in healthy years if different health conditions are eliminated, but often with cross-sectional data, or for a limited number of conditions. We used longitudinal data to estimate disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) trends for older people with a broad number of health conditions, identify the conditions that would result in the greatest improvement in DFLE, and describe the cont...
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 15, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Holly Q. Bennett Source Type: research

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