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Toward a better dexterity: Direction for future studies
Performing an accurate and adequate motor task is a key function in our daily living activities, and improvement of dexterity is a main concern especially in stroke survivors. Thus, the development of new strategies to improve motor learning and to promote stroke recovery is desirable.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 8, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Samar S. Ayache Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

S14-4. Possibility of a useful intervention of exercise induced by muscle fatigue to change excitabilities of corticospinal and cortico-cortical tracts for functional recovery in neurorehabilitation
Motor learning and synaptic plasticity in the cortex are enhanced by interventions that reduce the effectiveness of GABAergic intracortical inhibition. The disinhibition of SICI by muscle fatigue could enhance synaptic plasticity and improve the consolidation of motor learning. We found that the corticospinal excitability and SICI decrease after exhaustive muscle contraction or muscle fatigue. It seems possible that decreased SICI can enhance synaptic plasticity if motor learning or skill training is combined with muscle fatigue. Interestingly, fatigue in muscles on the opposite side of the body or in lower limb muscles re...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Atsuo Maruyama Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 39. Enhanced visuo-spatial and language learning with tDCS
Efficacy and effectiveness of training in conditions like chronic post-stroke aphasia or neglect, or neurodegenerative disorders like mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease, remain moderate only. Thus, novel strategies to enhance training success and overall behavioural outcome are urgently needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation tool that is now being widely used in neuroscientific and clinical research in humans, modulating cortical excitability by application of weak electrical currents in the form of direct current brain polarization.In a series of st...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Flöel, W. Suttorp, M. Meinzer, C. Breitenstein Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 15. Flashes of insight: Non-conventional NIBS reveals novel ways to stimulate the brain
Conclusion: These non-conventional NIBS techniques may thus be opening new research domains for influencing brain activity and to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders in a non-invasive way.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Antal, L. Chaieb, G.G. Ambrus, W. Paulus Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 45. Brain stimulation-enhanced therapy for visual neglect
Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-principle demonstration that a single-shot, simple behavioural procedure combined with TDCS can remediate treatment-unresponsive chronic visual neglect. TDCS provoked a positive therapeutic response in patients who did not otherwise respond to the behavioural therapy. By enhancing the consolidation of prism therapy, TDCS increased both the gain and longevity of therapeutic response, yielding large, long-lasting improvements in visual neglect.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, P. Revol, H. Cousijn, J. Near, C. Stagg, G. Rode, Y. Rossetti Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 171. Bihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in older adults induces modulations of resting state and task-related activity
Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (“dual” tDCS) of primary motor cortices has been described to enhance motor learning in healthy subjects and to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. In order to investigate the neural correlates of its mode of action, we compared different tDCS montages in a group of healthy older adults in a cross-over design (‘dual’ vs. ‘anodal’ vs. ‘sham’).20 subjects (mean age 68.7±4.7years, all right-handed) underwent tDCS and simultaneous MRI at 3T, including resting state fMRI and a choice reaction time task. In the task, subjects were presented with different...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: R. Lindenberg, L. Nachtigall, M. Meinzer, M.M. Sieg, A. Flöel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 15. Flashes of insight: Non-conventional NIBS reveals novel ways to stimulate the brain
Conclusion: These non-conventional NIBS techniques may thus be opening new research domains for influencing brain activity and to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders in a non-invasive way.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Antal, L. Chaieb, G.G. Ambrus, W. Paulus Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

IS 45. Brain stimulation-enhanced therapy for visual neglect
Conclusions: This is the first proof-of-principle demonstration that a single-shot, simple behavioural procedure combined with TDCS can remediate treatment-unresponsive chronic visual neglect. TDCS provoked a positive therapeutic response in patients who did not otherwise respond to the behavioural therapy. By enhancing the consolidation of prism therapy, TDCS increased both the gain and longevity of therapeutic response, yielding large, long-lasting improvements in visual neglect.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. O’Shea, P. Revol, H. Cousijn, J. Near, C. Stagg, G. Rode, Y. Rossetti Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 171. Bihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in older adults induces modulations of resting state and task-related activity
Bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (“dual” tDCS) of primary motor cortices has been described to enhance motor learning in healthy subjects and to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. In order to investigate the neural correlates of its mode of action, we compared different tDCS montages in a group of healthy older adults in a cross-over design (‘dual’ vs. ‘anodal’ vs. ‘sham’).20 subjects (mean age 68.7±4.7years, all right-handed) underwent tDCS and simultaneous MRI at 3T, including resting state fMRI and a choice reaction time task. In the task, subjects were presented with different...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: R. Lindenberg, L. Nachtigall, M. Meinzer, M.M. Sieg, A. Flöel Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

59. Alterations of the electroencephalographic rhythms in children with Sickle Cell disease (SCD): Source analysis with LORETA
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a congenital familial pathology of the haemoglobin and it is classified as the most common genetic disease in the world.Neurological complications are very frequent: symptomatic stroke occurs in 11% of the SCD patients before they reach 20years of age, while 35% of the patients shows silent damages at the RMN with cognitive impairments and learning disabilities. The aim of this study is to verify the hypothesis that a different cerebral maturation between children with SCD and healthy controls exists. This has been achieved with the spectral analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms and...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Bertoldo, P. Rampazzo, R. Manara, R. Colombatti, L. Sainati, M. Ermani Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Neurorehabilitation: From sensorimotor adaptation to motor learning, or the opposite?
In a recent editorial, Vasudevan (2014) argued that amplifying movement errors through sensorimotor adaptation can be an interesting way to improve walking post-stroke and more generally to develop new approach in neurorehabilitation. I would like to comment further this idea and to raise some key issues that should be addressed to complete this discussion.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 5, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: François Bonnetblanc Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Timing of motor cortical stimulation during planar robotic training differentially impacts neuroplasticity in older adults
Neurorehabilitation efforts have focused on intense structured interventions to promote neuroplasticity because stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability world-wide. Robotic rehabilitation devices assist massed practice of upper extremity movement at high repetition rates (Lo et al., 2010; Conroy et al., 2011). They can also be used to change the learning environment, e.g., provide assistance or resistance to the motor task or train new mappings for movement to environmental effect (Krebs et al., 1998; Stein et al., 2004; MacClellan et al., 2005).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Crystal L. Massie, Shailesh S. Kantak, Priya Narayanan, George F. Wittenberg Source Type: research

What is the optimal task difficulty for reinforcement learning of brain self-regulation?
Neurofeedback and brain-interface technology are being increasingly applied in fields of research aiming to restore upper-limb functionality in stroke survivors. Greater gains are currently being achieved by subacute (Pichiorri et al. 2015) than by chronic patients (Ang et al. 2014). On the basis of the neurophysiological correlates of motor imagery (Kaiser et al. 2011) and motor cortex excitability (Takemi et al. 2013; Kraus et al. 2016a), such as modulation of β-power (15-30 Hz), these devices may provide an effective backdoor to the motor system (Sharma 2006; Bauer et al.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - June 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robert Bauer, Mathias Vukelić, Alireza Gharabaghi Source Type: research

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