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Ischemic preconditioning provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic stroke: The role of Nrf2.
CONCLUSIONS: IPC provides long-lasting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury and post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. Nrf2 activation plays a key role in this beneficial outcome and is a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of ischemic brain injury. PMID: 31812555 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Yang T, Sun Y, Li Q, Li S, Shi Y, Leak RK, Chen J, Zhang F Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Evaluation of sex differences in acid/base and electrolyte concentrations in acute large vessel stroke.
CONCLUSION: Acid/base and electrolyte response to ischemic conditions differ between men and women, and these early changes could be used to predict local acid/base changes and how they develop differently in men and women during ischemia. These findings provide a novel insight into the pathology of large vessel stroke in humans, particularly potential variations based on sex. PMID: 31697942 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Martha SR, Collier LA, Davis SM, Erol A, Lukins D, Pennypacker KR, Fraser JF Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

The neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 promotes neurogenesis and improves cognitive function after ischemic stroke.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition with few therapeutic interventions available. The neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 inhibits mature neuronal cell death while also increasing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis in models of neurodegeneration and acute injury. P7C3 compounds enhance flux of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in mammalian cells, a proposed therapeutic approach to treating cerebral ischemia. The effectiveness of P7C3-A20 treatment on chronic histopathological and behavioral outcomes and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke has not previously been established. Here, a tra...
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Loris ZB, Pieper AA, Dalton Dietrich W Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Ephrin-B2 PB-mononuclear cells reduce early post-stroke deficit in diabetic mice but not long-term memory impairment
CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous PB-MNC+ administration the day after stroke induction in diabetic mice improved sensorimotor deficit and reduced infarct volume at the short term, but was unable to prevent long-term memory loss. To what extent diabetes impacts on cell therapy efficacy will have to be specifically investigated in the future. Including vascular risk factors systematically in preclinical studies of cell therapy will provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms potentially limiting cell efficacy and also to identify good and bad responders, particularly in the long term.PMID:34520725 | DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113864
Source: Experimental Neurology - September 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Adrien Cogo Gabrielle Mangin Sarah Mouazan Tatiana Merkulova-Rainon Jean-Pierre Riveline Jean-Fran çois Gautier Mathilde Varret Nathalie Kubis Source Type: research

Systemic inflammation affects reperfusion following transient cerebral ischaemia.
Abstract Reperfusion after stroke is critical for improved patient survival and recovery and can be achieved clinically through pharmacological (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) or physical (endovascular intervention) means. Yet these approaches remain confined to a small percentage of stroke patients, often with incomplete reperfusion, and therefore there is an urgent need to learn more about the mechanisms underlying the no-reflow phenomenon that prevents restoration of adequate microvascular perfusion. Recent evidence suggests systemic inflammation as an important contributor to no-reflow and to furthe...
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 18, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Burrows F, Haley MJ, Scott E, Coutts G, Lawrence CB, Allan SM, Schiessl I Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Fingolimod reduces cerebral lymphocyte infiltration in experimental models of rodent intracerebral hemorrhage.
Abstract T-lymphocytes promote cerebral inflammation, thus aggravating neuronal injury after stroke. Fingolimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor analog, prevents the egress of lymphocytes from primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Based on these findings, we hypothesized fingolimod treatment would reduce the number of T-lymphocytes migrating into the brain, thereby ameliorating cerebral inflammation following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the effects of fingolimod in two well-established murine models of ICH, implementing intrastriatal infusions of either bacterial collagenase (c...
Source: Experimental Neurology - December 21, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Rolland WB, Lekic T, Krafft PR, Hasegawa Y, Altay O, Hartman R, Ostrowski R, Manaenko A, Tang J, Zhang JH Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Utility of intracerebral theta burst electrical stimulation to attenuate interhemispheric inhibition and to promote motor recovery after cortical injury in an animal model.
Abstract Following a cerebral cortex injury such as stroke, excessive inhibition around the core of the injury is thought to reduce the potential for new motor learning. In part, this may be caused by an imbalance of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI); therefore, treatments that relieve the inhibitory drive from the healthy hemisphere to the peri-lesional area may enhance motor recovery. Theta burst stimulation delivered by transcranial magnetic stimulation has been tested as a means of normalizing IHI, but clinical results have been variable. Here we use a new rat model of synaptic IHI to demonstrate that electric...
Source: Experimental Neurology - June 3, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Barry MD, Boddington LJ, Igelström KM, Gray JP, Shemmell J, Tseng KY, Oorschot DE, Reynolds JN Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Adaptation of tape removal test for measurement of sensitivity in perineal area of rat.
Abstract Regeneration after spinal cord injury is a goal of many studies. Although the most obvious target is to recover motor function, restoration of sensation can also improve the quality of life after spinal cord injury. For many patients, recovery of sensation in the perineal and genital area is a high priority. Currently there is no experimental test in rodents for measuring changes in sensation in the perineal and genital area after spinal cord injury. The aim of our study was to develop a behavioural test for measuring the sensitivity of the perineal and genital area in rats. We have modified the tape remo...
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Neumannova K, Machova-Urdzikova L, Kwok JCF, Fawcett JW, Jendelova P Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Knockdown of Follistatin-like 1 disrupts synaptic transmission in hippocampus and leads to cognitive impairments.
In this study, we found that the mice with Fstl1 genetic knockdown showed not only the impairments of learning and memory abilities, but also abnormal neural oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Subsequently, we identified broad transcriptional changes including 55 up-regulated and 184 down-regulated genes in Fstl1 knockdown mice by RNA-Seq analysis, as well as neurotransmitter transport, synaptic transmission and disease-related genes. The expression changes of some DEGs were further validated via quantitative Realtime PCR (qRT-PCR). Further patch-clamp whole cell recording showed that Fstl1+/- mice di...
Source: Experimental Neurology - July 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiang S, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Ke Z, Shang Y, Ning W, Yang Z, Zhang T Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Vagus nerve stimulation enhances fear extinction as an inverted-U function of stimulation intensity
Exp Neurol. 2021 Apr 9:113718. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113718. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStudies in rodents indicate that pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with extinction training enhances fear extinction. However, the role of stimulation parameters on the effects of VNS remains largely unknown. Identifying the optimal stimulation intensity is a critical step in clinical translation of neuromodulation-based therapies. Here, we sought to investigate the role of stimulation intensity in rats receiving VNS paired with extinction training in a rat model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Male Sprague-Dawl...
Source: Experimental Neurology - April 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Rimenez R Souza Nicole M Robertson Christa K McIntyre Robert L Rennaker Seth A Hays Michael P Kilgard Source Type: research

Neuroprotective effects of oleanolic acid against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice
CONCLUSIONS: OA exhibits both short-term and long-term protective effects against the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The short-term protective mechanism is related to the anti-oxidation of blood-brain barrier, while the long-term protective effect lies in neuroglia modulation, promotion of synaptic connection and neuroregeneration.PMID:34153323 | DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113785
Source: Experimental Neurology - June 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Yi-Jin Shi Lin-Lin Sun Xin Ji Ruirui Shi Feng Xu Jin-Hua Gu Source Type: research