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5Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-effects on cortical excitability and speech and swallowing functions in stroke patients
This study aimed to further study the effects of 5Hz rTMS on cortical excitability and speech and swallowing functions.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: I.K.Y. Cheng, E.M.L. Yiu, L.S.W. Li, K.M.Y. Chiu, C.S. Wong, K.M.K. Chan Source Type: research

Does the presence of a TMS-evoked MEP predict walking speeds in individuals with chronic stroke?
Background: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs), elicited with single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), provide a quantification of corticomotor excitability and is used to preditc motor recovery. It is unknown whether the presence or absence of lower limb MEPs are predictors of gait speed post stroke. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of a MEP is associated with recovery of gait speed and walking reserve in individuals with chronic stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Madhavan, M. Yerrapothu, A. Williams, A. Gradowska Source Type: research

Neurorehabilitation treatment of dysphagia after-stroke with transcranial direct current stimulation: A clinical case
Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been presented in the last years as a potential adjuvant neurorehabilitation tool that has shown positive effects in a variety of motor diseases. Hence, in our study, we tested whereas Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation applied together with swallowing training could benefit a resistant-treatment patient with dysphagia after stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A. S ánchez-Kuhn, Y. Medina, M. Pérez-García, M. Martínez-Sola, P. De Haro, P. Flores, F. Sánchez-Santed Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and neural reorganisation after aphasia treatment
This study aims to investigate the effect of LH anodal tDCS on the neural reorganisation of language in the context of aphasia treatment.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: R.M.A. Blom-Smink, K. Spielmann, C.P.M. Orellana, M. Smits, J. Crinion, W.M.E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, G.M. Ribbers Source Type: research

Motor cortical reorganization and clinical outcomes after stroke: a longitudinal TMS/EEG evaluation
Introduction: Since early days after stroke, the brain undergoes a complex reorganization to allow compensatory mechanisms that promote functional recovery. Characterizing specific neurophysiological markers of motor recovery after stroke could improve clinical decision making. Our study aimed to track the time-course of motor cortical reorganization in a stroke patients group, and to individuate the neurophysiological markers associated to clinical outcome.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: M.C. Pellicciari, S. Bonn ì, A. Martino Cinnera, V. Ponzo, E. Casula, G. Koch Source Type: research

Effects of rTMS based on brain activation during language performance in stroke patients with non-fluent Aphasia (Pilot Study)
Introduction: In post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation, repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) aimed to reinforce the activity of the brain regions in the left hemisphere. Most conventional rTMS studies employed an inhibitory low frequency protocol for the contralesional homologs of Broca's area. In the present pilot study, we performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) prior to excitatory rTMS treatment for selection of the most appropriate application of stimulation. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation based on...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: B.S. Kwon, N.-J. Paik, W.-S. Kim, J.-H. Park, S. Kwon Source Type: research

Can TMS of forearm muscles improve prediction of dexterity after stroke?
In the acute phase after stroke, active finger extension is a strong predictor of long-term dexterity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with surface electromyography of proximal arm and intrinsic hand muscles has proven to be of additional prognostic value to clinical assessment, especially in patients unable to follow instructions. The current study aimed to determine whether TMS of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) further improves the prognostic accuracy. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the EDC at rest and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the upper extremity were measured in 18 participants within 4 weeks aft...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: C.D. Bakker, M. Massa, T. Feuth, J. Pasman, A.A. van Kuijk, G. Kwakkel, A.C.H. Geurts, D. Stegeman Source Type: research

Diffusion tensor imaging evaluation of neural network development in patients undergoing therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation following stroke
Introduction: Motor function recovery in patients with stroke is considered to be largely due to plastic changes in the cerebral cortex. In the present study, we investigated plastic changes in cerebral white matter structures following a 15-day rehabilitation period using generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Yamada, R. Ueda, W. Kakuda, R. Momosaki, T. Kondo, T. Hara, A. Senoo, M. Abo Source Type: research

Precise Temporal Association between Cortical Potentials Evoked by Motor Imagination and Afference Induces Cortical Plasticity
An efficient innovative Brain-Computer-Interface system that empowers chronic stroke patients to control an artificial activation of their lower limb muscle through task specific motor intent has been tested in the past. In the current study it was applied to acute stroke patients. The system consists in detecting the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) using scalp electrodes as the patient attempts to perform a dorsiflexion task. This is translated into the control command for an electrical stimulator to generate a stimulus (at motor threshold) to the nerve that innervates and thus activates the prime mover (tibialis anterior - TA).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting Source Type: research

The role of the cerebellum on motor recovery following stroke
The cerebellum is a critical structure for motor control and learning. The cerebellum does not have direct connections to lower motor neurons. However, its extensive connections to distribute motor regions and its role on motor control make it a structure that plays an important role in motor function following cerebral lesions. In addition, due to the cerebellar involvement in motor learning it plays an important when learning how to compensate for motor deficits arising from stroke. Indeed, previous studies suggested that restoration of cerebellar activation following diaschisis is associated with overall recovery follow...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: P. Celnik Source Type: research

Effects of anodal HD-tDCS or low-frequency rTMS on ipsilateral and contralateral M1 excitability: A pilot study
In stroke neurorehabilitation, contralesional low frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) or ipsilesional anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) are both employed to increase ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) excitability to counterbalance the effects of stroke on interhemispheric imbalance. The aim of this study was to directly compare the effects of LF-rTMS or a-tDCS on ipsilateral and contralateral M1 excitability and inhibition.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: V. Cabibel, J. Froger, M. Muthalib, S. Perrey Source Type: research

Effects of low-frequency rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere in chronic stroke: a concomitant TMS and fMRI study
In this study, we compared the effects of a novel rTMS protocol over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with those of a canonical rTMS protocol over M1, on motor disorders in five chronic patients with right or left hemisphere lesions and upper and lower limb motor impairments.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A. Salatino, R. Morese, M. Daniele, A. Berti, P. Perozzo, M.T. Molo, P. Cerrato, M. Nobili, C. Valentini, R. Ricci Source Type: research

Effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on language production in post-stroke aphasia
A successful interplay between prefrontal and domain-specific language areas has been shown to be crucial for language processing. Non-invasive brain stimulation is increasingly being used as a promising therapeutic tool for neurological diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) on language production in chronic post-stroke aphasic patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: M.I. Pestalozzi, M. Di Pietro, G. Gaytanidis, L. Chouiter, L. Spierer, A. Schnider, J.M. Annoni, L.B. Jost Source Type: research

Simple Partial Status Epilepticus One-Day Post TMS to the Affected Hemisphere in A Participant with Chronic Stroke
TMS has become a widely used tool to measure motor physiology in stroke patients, and is emerging as an exciting new treatment for a variety of stroke-related deficits. Seizures are exceedingly rare in TMS studies of stroke. Here we report a case of simple partial status epilepticus in a study participant with stroke one day after single- and double-pulse stimulation. The participant was a 51-year-old male eight months post-stroke from a superior sagittal vein thrombosis causing a right-sided hemorrhagic lesion (25.03  cc) involving the precentral gyrus, the superior frontal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, the supplemen...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Harrington, E. Chan, P. Turkeltaub, A.W. Dromerick, M.L. Harris-Love Source Type: research

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Upper Extremity Robotic Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Function in an Adult with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Cerebral palsy is caused by a nonprogressive brain injury or stroke before birth or during the first two years of life. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) causes weakness and motor skill deficits on one side of the body. As people with USCP age, motor deficits persist due to disuse of the paretic side. Few therapies exist for adults with USCP. We tested feasibility and efficacy of upper limb therapy in adults with CP. Upper extremity robotic therapy can improve upper limb deficits in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kathleen M. Friel, Peter Lee, Disha Gupta, Hsing-Ching Kuo, Ana R.P. Smorenburg, Dylan J. Edwards Source Type: research

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