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Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence.
Abstract Whether marine omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) or vitamin D supplementation can prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations at usual risk for this outcome is unknown. A major goal of VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial) was to fill this knowledge gap. In this article, we review the results of VITAL, discuss relevant mechanistic studies regarding n-3 FAs, vitamin D, and vascular disease, and summarize recent meta-analyses of the randomized trial evidence on these agents. VITAL was a nationwide, randomized, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial trial of marine n-3 FAs (1 g/d) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU...
Source: Circulation Research - January 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Cook NR, Lee IM, Mora S, Albert CM, Buring JE, VITAL Research Group Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease and Polyvascular Disease
Circ Res. 2021 Jun 11;128(12):1818-1832. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318535. Epub 2021 Jun 10.ABSTRACTAtherosclerotic lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that affects >230 million people worldwide. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including advanced age, smoking, and diabetes, are strongly linked to an increase risk of PAD. Although PAD has been historically underappreciated compared with coronary artery disease and stroke, greater attention on PAD in recent years has led to important new epidemiological insigh...
Source: Circulation Research - June 10, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Aaron W Aday Kunihiro Matsushita Source Type: research

PPP1R12C Promotes Atrial Hypocontractility in Atrial Fibrillation
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AF exhibit increased levels of PPP1R12C protein compared with controls. PPP1R12C overexpression in mice increases PP1c targeting to MLC2a and causes MLC2a dephosphorylation, which reduces atrial contractility and increases AF inducibility. These findings suggest that PP1 regulation of sarcomere function at MLC2a is a key determinant of atrial contractility in AF.PMID:37737016 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322516
Source: Circulation Research - September 22, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Srikanth Perike Francisco J Gonzalez-Gonzalez Issam Abu-Taha Frederick W Damen Laurin M Hanft Ken S Lizama Anahita Aboonabi Andrielle E Capote Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez Benjamin Levin Zhenbo Han Arvind Sridhar Jacob Grand Jody Martin Joseph G Akar Chad M Wa Source Type: research

Translating Koch's Postulates to Identify Matrix Metalloproteinase Roles in Postmyocardial Infarction Remodeling: Cardiac Metalloproteinase Actions (CarMA) Postulates.
Abstract The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was described in 1962; and since the 1990s, cardiovascular research has focused on understanding how MMPs regulate many aspects of cardiovascular pathology from atherosclerosis formation to myocardial infarction and stroke. Although much information has been gleaned by these past reports, to a large degree MMP cardiovascular biology remains observational, with few studies homing in on cause and effect relationships. Koch's postulates were first developed in the 19th century as a way to establish microorganism function and were modified in the 20th century to includ...
Source: Circulation Research - February 28, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE, Jin YF, Lindsey ML Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Platelet Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif (ITAM) Signaling and Vascular Integrity.
Abstract Platelets are well-known for their critical role in hemostasis, that is, the prevention of blood loss at sites of mechanical vessel injury. Inappropriate platelet activation and adhesion, however, can lead to thrombotic complications, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. To fulfill its role in hemostasis, the platelet is equipped with various G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the response to soluble agonists such as thrombin, ADP, and thromboxane A2. In addition to G protein-coupled receptors, platelets express 3 glycoproteins that belong to the family of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activati...
Source: Circulation Research - March 28, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Boulaftali Y, Hess PR, Kahn ML, Bergmeier W Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Esm1 Modulates Endothelial Tip Cell Behavior and Vascular Permeability by Enhancing VEGF Bioavailability.
Conclusions: Esm1 is simultaneously a target and modulator of VEGF signaling in endothelial cells, playing a role in angiogenesis, inflammation and vascular permeability, which might be of potential interest for therapeutic applications. PMID: 25057127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - July 23, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rocha SF, Schiller M, Jing D, Li H, Butz S, Vestweber D, Biljes D, Drexler HC, Nieminen-Kelha M, Vajkoczy P, Adams S, Benedito R, Adams RH Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage.
Abstract For >50 years, it has been recognized that immunity contributes to hypertension. Recent data have defined an important role of T cells and various T cell-derived cytokines in several models of experimental hypertension. These studies have shown that stimuli like angiotensin II, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt, and excessive catecholamines lead to formation of effector like T cells that infiltrate the kidney and perivascular regions of both large arteries and arterioles. There is also accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in these regions. Cytokines released from these cells, including interleukin-17, i...
Source: Circulation Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: McMaster WG, Kirabo A, Madhur MS, Harrison DG Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Multimodal SHG-2PF Imaging of Microdomain Ca2+-Contraction Coupling in Live Cardiac Myocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: Multi-modal SHG-2PF microscopy enables the simultaneous observation of Ca(2+) release and mechanical strain at the sub-sarcomere level in living cardiac myocytes. The method benefits from the label-free nature of SHG, which allows A-bands to be imaged independently of T-tubule morphology and simultaneously with Ca(2+) indicators. SHG-2PF imaging is widely applicable to the study of Ca(2+)-contraction coupling and mechano-chemo-transduction in both health and disease. PMID: 26643875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - December 7, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Awasthi S, Izu L, Mao Z, Jian Z, Landas T, Lerner A, Shimkunas R, Woldeyesus RA, Bossuyt J, Wood BM, Chen YJ, Matthews DL, Lieu DK, Chiamvimonvat N, Lam KS, Chen-Izu Y, Chan JW Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

MicroRNA Regulation of Atherosclerosis.
Abstract Atherosclerosis and its attendant clinical complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies. In response to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli, atherosclerotic lesion formation occurs from the participation of a range of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and shear stress. Over the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as evolutionarily conserved, noncoding small RNAs that serve as important regulators and fine-tuners of a range of pathophysiological cellular effects and molecular signaling...
Source: Circulation Research - February 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Feinberg MW, Moore KJ Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: New Insights From Epidemiology, Genetics, and Biology.
Abstract Scientific interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins has fluctuated over the past many years, ranging from beliefs that these lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to being innocent bystanders. Correspondingly, clinical recommendations have fluctuated from a need to reduce levels to no advice on treatment. New insight in epidemiology now suggests that these lipoproteins, marked by high triglycerides, are strong and independent predictors of ASCVD and all-cause mortality, and that their cholesterol content or remnant cholesterol likewise are strong predictors of ASCVD. Of all a...
Source: Circulation Research - February 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nordestgaard BG Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Evolving Treatments for Arterial and Venous Thrombosis: Role of the Direct Oral Anticoagulants.
Abstract The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent a major advance in oral anticoagulant therapy and have replaced the vitamin K antagonists as the preferred treatment for many indications. By simplifying long-term anticoagulant therapy and improving its safety, the DOACs have the potential to reduce the global burden of thrombosis. Postmarketing studies suggest that the favorable results achieved with DOACs in the randomized controlled trials can be readily translated into practice, but highlight the need for appropriate patient, drug and dose selection, and careful follow-up. Leveraging on their success t...
Source: Circulation Research - April 28, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chan NC, Eikelboom JW, Weitz JI Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Inhaled Sodium Nitrite Improves Rest and Exercise Hemodynamics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.
CONCLUSIONS: Acute administration of inhaled sodium nitrite reduces biventricular filling pressures and pulmonary artery pressures at rest and during exercise in HFpEF. Further study is warranted to evaluate chronic effects of inhaled nitrite in HFpEF. PMID: 27458234 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - July 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Borlaug BA, Melenovsky V, Koepp KE Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on the Cardiovascular System.
Abstract The statins have been used for 30 years to prevent coronary artery disease and stroke. Their primary mechanism of action is the lowering of serum cholesterol through inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis thereby upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and increasing the clearance of LDL-cholesterol. Statins may exert cardiovascular protective effects that are independent of LDL-cholesterol lowering called pleiotropic effects. Because statins inhibit the production of isoprenoid intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, the post-translational prenylation of small...
Source: Circulation Research - January 5, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Oesterle A, Laufs U, Liao JK Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

HETE Signals Through G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR75 (Gq) to Affect Vascular Function and Trigger Hypertension.
Conclusions: This is the first report to identify a GPCR target for an eicosanoid of this class. The discovery of 20-HETE-GPR75 pairing presented here provides the molecular basis for the signaling and pathophysiological functions mediated by 20-HETE in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. PMID: 28325781 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - March 21, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Garcia V, Gilani A, Shkolnik B, Pandey V, Zhang FF, Dakarapu R, Gandham SK, Reddy NR, Graves JP, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Capdevila JH, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Social Integration and Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors.
Conclusions: Social integration is inversely associated with CHD incidence in women, but is largely explained by lifestyle/behavioral pathways. PMID: 28373350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - April 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chang SC, Glymour M, Cornelis M, Walter S, Rimm E, Tchetgen ET, Kawachi I, Kubzansky LD Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

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