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Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: We found that nebulised antibiotics, alone or with oral antibiotics, were better than no treatment for early infection with P aeruginosa. Eradication may be sustained in the short term. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether these antibiotic strategies decrease mortality or morbidity, improve quality of life, or are associated with adverse effects compared to placebo or standard treatment. Four trials comparing two active treatments have failed to show differences in rates of eradication of P aeruginosa. One large trial showed that intravenous ceftazidime with tobramycin is not superior to oral ci...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 2, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Simon C Langton Hewer Sherie Smith Nicola J Rowbotham Alexander Yule Alan R Smyth Source Type: research

Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis.
CONCLUSIONS: The effects of antibiotics, probiotics and other interventions for treating and preventing pouchitis are uncertain. Well designed, adequately powered studies are needed to determine the optimal therapy for the treatment and prevention of pouchitis. PMID: 31785173 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 29, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Nguyen N, Zhang B, Holubar SD, Pardi DS, Singh S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to high quality evidence suggests that any benefit provided by antibiotics in active CD is likely to be modest and may not be clinically meaningful. High quality evidence suggests that there is no increased risk of adverse events with antibiotics compared to placebo. The effect of antibiotics on the risk of serious adverse events is uncertain. The effect of antibiotics on maintenance of remission in CD is uncertain. Thus, no firm conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for maintenance of remission in CD can be drawn. More research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 7, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Townsend CM, Parker CE, MacDonald JK, Nguyen TM, Jairath V, Feagan BG, Khanna R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults.
CONCLUSIONS: At present, the quality of the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of macrolides for treatment of H ducreyi infection in sexually active adults is low, implying that we are uncertain about the estimated treatment effect. There is no statistically significant difference between the available therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of sexually active adults with genital ulcers compatible with chancroid. Low quality evidence suggests that azithromycin could be considered as the first therapeutic alternative, based on their mono-dose oral administration, with a similar safety and effectiveness profile, whe...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 11, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Romero L, Huerfano C, Grillo-Ardila CF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that nebulised antibiotics, alone or in combination with oral antibiotics, were better than no treatment for early infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eradication may be sustained for up to two years. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether antibiotic strategies for the eradication of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa decrease mortality or morbidity, improve quality of life, or are associated with adverse effects compared to placebo or standard treatment. Four trials comparing two active treatments have failed to show differences in rates of eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There have ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 25, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Langton Hewer SC, Smyth AR Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

EpideMiology and control measures of outBreaks due to Antibiotic-Resistant orGanisms in EurOpe (EMBARGO): a systematic review protocol
Introduction Improving our understanding of outbreaks due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their control is critical in the current public health scenario. The threat of outbreaks due to ARB requires multifaceted efforts. However, a global overview of epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks due to ARB and effective infection control measures is missing. In this paper, we describe the protocol of a systematic review aimed at mapping and characterising the epidemiological aspects of outbreaks due to ARB and infection control measures in European countries. Methods and analysis The databases MEDLINE, Web of Kn...
Source: BMJ Open - January 4, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Nithya, B. R., Gladstone, B. P., Rodriguez-Bano, J., Sifakis, F., Voss, A., Carmeli, Y., Burkert, F. R., Gkolia, P., Tacconelli, E. Tags: Open access, Infectious diseases, Public health Protocol Source Type: research

Oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no conclusive evidence that an oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotic regimen is more or less effective than an alternative treatment for either pulmonary exacerbations or long-term treatment of chronic infection with P. aeruginosa. Until results of adequately-powered future trials are available, treatment needs to be selected on a pragmatic basis, based upon any available non-randomised evidence, the clinical circumstances of the individual, the known effectiveness of drugs against local strains and upon individual preference. PMID: 27412131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 13, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Remmington T, Jahnke N, Harkensee C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high-risk children aged 12 years and under.
CONCLUSIONS: There is inconclusive evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis in certain groups of high-risk children can reduce pneumonia, exacerbations, hospital admission and mortality in certain conditions. However, limitations in the evidence base mean more clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of antibiotics for preventing LRTIs in children at high risk should be conducted. Specifically, clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of antibiotics for preventing LRTIs in congenital heart disease, metabolic disease, endocrine and renal disorders, neurological disease or prematurity should be a priority. PMID: 26408...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 26, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Onakpoya IJ, Hayward G, Heneghan CJ Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We found that nebulised antibiotics, alone or in combination with oral antibiotics, were better than no treatment for early infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eradication may be sustained for up to two years. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether antibiotic strategies for the eradication of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa decrease mortality or morbidity, improve quality of life, or are associated with adverse effects compared to placebo or standard treatment. Four trials of two active treatments have failed to show differences in rates of eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There have been no...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 10, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Langton Hewer SC, Smyth AR Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antimicrobial drugs for treating cholera.
CONCLUSIONS: In treating cholera, antimicrobials result in substantial improvements in clinical and microbiological outcomes, with similar effects observed in severely and non-severely ill patients. Azithromycin and tetracycline may have some advantages over other antibiotics. PMID: 24944120 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 19, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Leibovici-Weissman Y, Neuberger A, Bitterman R, Sinclair D, Salam MA, Paul M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no conclusive evidence that an oral anti-pseudomonal antibiotic regimen is more or less effective than an alternative treatment for either pulmonary exacerbations or long-term treatment of chronic infection with P. aeruginosa. Until results of adequately-powered future trials are available, treatment needs to be selected on a pragmatic basis, based upon any available non-RCT evidence, the clinical circumstances of the individual, the known effectiveness of drugs against local strains and upon individual preference. PMID: 24170644 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 2, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Remmington T, Jahnke N, Harkensee C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis.
CONCLUSIONS: The microbiological and clinical efficacy, as well as the adverse effect profile, of different oral fluoroquinolones are comparable. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the optimal treatment duration of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of CBP caused by traditional pathogens.Alternative antimicrobial agents tested for the treatment of CBP caused by traditional pathogens are co-trimoxazole, beta-lactams and tetracyclines, but no conclusive evidence can be drawn regarding the role of non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the treatment of CBP caused by traditional pathogens.In patients with CBP caused by obligate ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 12, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Perletti G, Marras E, Wagenlehner FM, Magri V Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research