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Chapter 9: Benign sinonasal neoplasms.
Abstract Benign sinonasal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that present with similar symptoms including nasal obstruction, anosmia, rhinorrhea, and epistaxis. The proper workup and accurate diagnosis is essential for these tumors so that the appropriate treatment plan can be established. In this article of benign sinonasal neoplasms, we discuss their typical clinical presentation, histological and radiographic findings, and treatment options. PMID: 23711037 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hennessey PT, Reh DD Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 8: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Abstract Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is a disease of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity that typically affects immunocompromised patients in the acute fulminant form. Early symptoms can often mimic rhinosinusitis, while late symptoms can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Swelling and mucosal thickening can quickly progress to pale or necrotic tissue in the nasal cavity and sinuses, and the disease can rapidly spread and invade the palate, orbit, cavernous sinus, cranial nerves, skull base, carotid artery, and brain. IFRS can be life threatening if left undiagnosed or untreated. While the acu...
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Duggal P, Wise SK Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 7: Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.
Abstract Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a type of chronic rhinosinusitis in which patients classically exhibit nasal polyps, type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, characteristic findings on computed tomography scans, eosinophilic mucin, and positive fungal stain. New research has sought to further understand the pathophysiology of AFRS. However, this has also led to debate about the classification and predominance of this interesting disease process. Historically, patients with AFRS are immunocompetent. The disease is most prevalent in the southeast and south central United States and typically presents ...
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Laury AM, Wise SK Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 6: Nasal polyps.
Abstract Nasal polyps occur in 1-4% of the population, usually occurring in the setting of an underlying local or systemic disease. The most common associated condition is chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A high prevalence of nasal polyps is also seen in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. In the setting of CRS, nasal polyps are not likely to be cured by either medical or surgical therapy; however, control is generally attainable. The best medical evidence supports the use of intranasal corticosteroids for maintenance therapy and short ...
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Settipane RA, Peters AT, Chiu AG Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 5: Pediatric rhinosinusitis: Definitions, diagnosis and management-An overview.
This article outlines some of the definitions of rhinosinusitis, diagnosis and management of pediatric sinusitis, and the complications of rhinosinusitis seen in the pediatric population. PMID: 23711033 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Chandran SK, Higgins TS Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 4: Chronic rhinosinusitis.
Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the second most common chronic medical condition in the United States. It represents a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses of at least 12 weeks duration. CRS with or without nasal polyps is defined as inflammation of the nose characterized by two or more symptoms, one of which should be either nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, or nasal discharge (anterior/posterior nasal drip); with or without facial pain/pressure; and/or with or without reduction or loss of smell. Symptomatology should be supported by obvious di...
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Settipane RA, Peters AT, Chandra R Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 3: epistaxis.
Abstract Epistaxis is a common problem that may range in severity from a minor nuisance to hemodynamically significant bleeding. Vascular anatomy allows for predictable identification of suspicious bleeding sites. Historically, packing was the workhorse of management, but, currently, more directed interventions have become available. These modalities may result in improvements in both cost-effectiveness and patient comfort. PMID: 23711031 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Sacks R, Chandra R Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 2: Nasal obstruction.
Abstract Nasal obstruction is one of the most common presenting symptoms requiring medical attention at both the primary care physician and the otorhinolaryngologists' level. Nasal obstruction may be caused by anatomic, physiological, or neurologic factors. Complexity is added to this situation because, often, the causation may be multifactorial. Nasal obstruction is the primary symptom of persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) and affects up to 40% of the population. AR must be treated throughout the year; thus, treatment choices and patient compliance must be considered. It is interesting to note that AR directly aff...
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Osborn JL, Sacks R Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Chapter 1: Sinonasal anatomy and function.
This article reviews the structure and function of the nasal cartilages and turbinates. It also describes the concept of the paranasal surgical box, key anatomical landmarks and limits of dissection. Normal anatomy and common variants of normal anatomy are discussed. PMID: 23711029 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Dalgorf DM, Harvey RJ Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Editorial.
PMID: 23711028 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Chandra R, Chiu A, Carr W, Settipane R Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

A novel model of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in rats.
CONCLUSION: A rat IFRS model was successfully developed through nasal obstruction, CPA-induced neutropenia, and fungal inoculation. The disease modelclosely mimics the pathophysiology of anthropic IFRS. PMID: 23816783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - June 21, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Zhang F, An Y, Li Z, Zhao C Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

New therapeutic options for allergic rhinitis: Back to the future with intranasal corticosteroid aerosols.
CONCLUSION: Hydrofluoroalkane-propelled INS drug products offer a back-to-the-future delivery approach that may be further tailored to the individualpatient's needs. Past experiences and the development of new devices are paving the way toward further therapy choices, ultimately affording health care providers access to the most effective treatments for patients with AR. PMID: 23816748 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - June 20, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Carr WW Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Inflammatory patterns in upper airway disease in the same geographical area may change over time.
CONCLUSION: There was a shift from predominantly neutrophilic to eosinophilic CRSwNPs in Thai patients within 12 years, with an increase in various inflammatory markers including IgE, which is associated with an increase in intramucosal presence of SA. PMID: 23816657 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - May 14, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Katotomichelakis M, Tantilipikorn P, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Feng L, Van Zele T, Muangsomboon S, Jareonchasri P, Bunnag C, Danielides V, Cuvelier CA, Hellings PW, Bachert C, Zhang N Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Survival outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis of published evidence.
PMID: 23883818 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - July 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Amedee RG Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research

Polyhydrated Ionogen with MgBr2 Accelerates in vitro Respiratory Epithelial Healing.
CONCLUSION: Poor healing of the sinonasal mucosa after surgery with loss of ciliary function results in adverse clinical outcomes. In an in vitro sinonasal respiratory epithelial injury model, a one-time treatment with PHI with MgBr2 showed significantly improved wound healing compared with saline or nothing. This is a viable model to further investigate the mechanism by which PHI with MgBr2 improves sinonasal remucosolization. PMID: 23883817 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy - July 1, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Depoortere D, Chen B, Cohen NA Tags: Am J Rhinol Allergy Source Type: research