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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS

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Total 1364 results found since Jan 2013.

Question 1 * What are the options for treating latent TB infection in children?
Scenario You are looking after a previously well, HIV-negative 4-year-old boy who has recently migrated to Australia from Sudan. He is BCG-immunised and reports no history of TB contact. His tuberculin skin test (TST) is positive (16 mm induration) and his chest x-ray (CXR) is normal. You diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and wonder what would be the best treatment regimen. Structured clinical question In a child with LTBI [patient], what is the best treatment regimen [intervention] taking into account four criteria: treatment compliance, drug adverse effects, treatment efficacy and cost [outcomes]? Search...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 9, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gwee, A., Coghlan, B., Curtis, N. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Childhood nutrition, Diet, Childhood nutrition (paediatrics), Child health, Infant health, Infant nutrition (including breastfeeding), Ra Source Type: research

Recent HIV/AIDS News from NIAID and FDA
May 9, 2013: NIH Scientists Create New Tool for Identifying Powerful HIV Antibodies “A team of NIH scientists has developed a new tool to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) capable of preventing infection by the majority of HIV strains found around the globe, an advance that could help speed HIV vaccine research.” Read the NIAID press release.   May 13, 2013: FDA Announces Public Meeting on HIV Patient-Focused Drug Development and HIV Cure Research “On June 14, 2013, as part of the Patient-Focused Drug Development initiative intended to enhance patient input, FDA will...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - May 17, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Africa: Pepfar - Ten Years of Saving Millions of Lives
[State Department]U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator Eric Goosby and Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, mark the 10th anniversary of PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - May 30, 2013 Category: African Health Source Type: news

Updated AIDSinfo Drug Database Offers Health Professionals and Patients the Latest HIV-Related Drug Information
The latest additions to the AIDSinfo drug database provide health care providers and patients with even more information on HIV/AIDS-related drugs.   Recent improvements to the database include: Investigational HIV drug summaries for health professionals that include the most recent information on pharmacology, dosing, adverse events, and drug interactions. The drug summaries also feature drug compound details from ChemIDplus Advanced (United States National Library of Medicine) and the HIV Drugs in Development Database from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Updated HIV investigat...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - May 31, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

How HIV Makes Immune Cells Commit Suicide
A new study from the US shows how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes infected immune cells to commit suicide. The researchers believe the finding is an important lead on how to preserve the immune systems of people infected with the virus that causes AIDS. Lead author Arik Cooper and colleagues from the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is part of the National Institutes of Health, write about their findings in the 5th June online issue of Nature...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - June 6, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: HIV / AIDS Source Type: news

Paediatric autoimmune encephalopathies: a lot done, more to do
Early recognition of paediatric autoimmune encephalopathies is critical because they are treatable. Serological findings and response to immunotherapy are confirmatory. The expedited diagnosis of an autoimmune neurological disorder is critical because early treatment facilitates improvement. The data reported by Hacohen et al from a multi-institutional experience of childhood autoimmune encephalopathies should promote early recognition of these disorders.1 Autoimmunity ranks high in the differential diagnosis for encephalopathy. Suspicion is heightened when neuropsychiatric symptom onset is subacute, autoimmunity is record...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - June 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: McKeon, A., Lennon, V. A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Neuroimaging, Child and adolescent psychiatry Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Recent HIV/AIDS News from CDC, FDA, and NIAID
June 12, 2013: Study Finds First Evidence That PrEP Can Reduce HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs “A daily dose of a medication used to treat HIV infection reduced the risk of HIV acquisition among people who inject drugs by 49 percent. Those who took the medication most consistently had even higher levels of protection, according to a new study announced today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – in collaboration with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) and the Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH). "This is the first evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)...
Source: AIDSinfo At-a-Glance: Offering Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research, A Service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - June 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Protecting the health of sex workers: will the real agenda please stand up
Interest in the health of women selling sex began in earnest towards the end of the 20th century with the advent of HIV. Although heterosexual transmission of HIV failed to reach the magnitude of problem that industrialised countries initially feared, research funded to assess HIV risk in sex workers revealed the significant risks to health experienced by this group. This set the scene for the now substantial body of research highlighting the extremely poor health and barriers to healthcare access experienced by many sex workers. Increased awareness of these unmet health needs has led to pressure on governments and authori...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - June 18, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jeal, N., Salisbury, C. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), General practice / family medicine, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Pregnancy, Reproductive medicine, Drugs misuse (including addiction) Editorials Source Type: research

Suboptimal access to primary healthcare among street-based sex workers in southwest Switzerland
Conclusions This vulnerable population comprises SSWs who, whether through mobility, insufficient education or language barriers, are unaware of services they are entitled to. With half the participants reporting no HIV testing, there is a need to enhance awareness of available facilities as well as to increase provision and uptake of HIV testing.
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - June 18, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Darling, K. E. A., Gloor, E., Ansermet-Pagot, A., Vaucher, P., Durieux-Paillard, S., Bodenmann, P., Cavassini, M. Tags: Emergency medicine, Sexual transmitted infections (viral), General practice / family medicine, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS Original article Source Type: research

HIV consensus guideline recommends antiretroviral treatment regardless of CD4 count, new regimens and possible regimen change for chronic low level viraemia
Commentary on: Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Hoy JF, et al.. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2012 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA 2012;308(4):387–402. Context Recommendations for indications and timing of antiretroviral therapy have continued to evolve since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Updated guidelines from the International Antiviral Society (IAS)—USA Panel have recently been issued to inform clinicians in resource-rich settings of best practices based on treatment advances and increased understanding of HIV pathophysiology. Meth...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - July 5, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rathbun, R. C. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Infection (neurology), Renal medicine, Screening (epidemiology), Screening (public health) Therapeutics Source Type: research

Developing a palliative care service for children in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
We describe here how it developed and expanded in the ensuing years and how it has affected our staff, the children and their families in our care.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - August 13, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Molyneux, E. M., Lavy, V., Bunn, M., Palmer, Z., Chiputula, F. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Child health, Hospice, Sexual health Source Type: research

Disease course and outcome of 15 monocentrically treated natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients
Conclusions Although the clinical outcome of natalizumab-treated PML patients is much better than in patients with HIV-associated PML, this may be further improved by treatment at reference centres using standardised therapy regimens and transient intensive care if needed. Systematic studies of appropriate MS immunotherapies after PML are critically needed.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - September 2, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Dahlhaus, S., Hoepner, R., Chan, A., Kleiter, I., Adams, O., Lukas, C., Hellwig, K., Gold, R. Tags: Open access, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Multiple sclerosis, Ophthalmology, Adult intensive care Source Type: research

HIV, dementia and antiretroviral drugs: 30 years of an epidemic
Neurological complications due to the HIV itself became apparent early on in the course of the AIDS epidemic. The most feared were the cognitive and motor complications termed AIDS dementia complex or HIV-associated dementia. With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of HIV-associated dementia has been dramatically reduced. However, the prevalence of less severe forms of the disorder remains around 20%. There is controversy about whether some patients may continue with progressive cognitive decline despite adequate suppression of the HIV. The salient issues are those of cerebrospinal fluid ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - September 2, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Manji, H., Jager, H. R., Winston, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Dementia, Memory disorders (psychiatry) Cognition Source Type: research

Children's health in slum settings
Rapid urbanisation in the 20th century has been accompanied by the development of slums. Nearly one-third of the world's population and more than 60% of urban populations in the least developed countries live in slums, including hundreds of millions of children. Slums are areas of broad social and health disadvantage to children and their families due to extreme poverty, overcrowding, poor water and sanitation, substandard housing, limited access to basic health and education services, and other hardships (eg, high unemployment, violence). Despite the magnitude of this problem, very little is known about the potential impa...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - September 12, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Unger, A. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, TB and other respiratory infections, Vaccination / immunisation, Childhood nutrition, Diet, Obesity (nutrition), Adolescent health, Child Source Type: research

New HIV vaccine hope?
Conclusion This fascinating research has looked into the effects of a vaccine against the monkey equivalent of the HIV virus (called SIV). The vaccine previously showed the ability to protect about half of the monkeys vaccinated against infection, and the current study wanted to investigate this effect further. The results suggest that the vaccine can protect the monkeys against SIV infection from various routes. They also suggest that in monkeys that show vaccine protection after an initial period where the virus lingers, they eventually seem able to clear the infection from their body.  The authors cautiously note that...
Source: NHS News Feed - September 13, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Source Type: news