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Autophagy Is a Defense Mechanism Inhibiting Invasion and Inflammation During High-Virulent Haemophilus parasuis Infection in PK-15 Cells
In this study, we sought to investigate whether SH0165 (serovar 5, high-virulent strain) and HN0001 (serovar 6, non-virulent strain) infection induces autophagy and the specific role of autophagy in bacterial invasion and inflammation during H. parasuis infection. Moreover, we explored the mechanism underlying autophagy regulated inflammation through inflammatory signaling cascades during H. parasuis infection. This observation could provide useful information for further understanding the role of autophagy in H. parasuis infection and improve our knowledge of new strategies against this pathogen. Materials and Methods B...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Heme oxygenase-1 modulates ferroptosis by fine-tuning levels of intracellular iron and reactive oxygen species of macrophages in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection
Macrophages are the host cells and the frontline defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, and the form of death of infected macrophages plays a pivotal role in the outcome of Mtb infections. Ferroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death induced by overwhelming lipid peroxidation, was confirmed as one of the mechanisms of Mtb spread following infection and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). However, the mechanism underlying the macrophage ferroptosis induced by Mtb infection has not yet been fully understood. In the present study, transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (H...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - September 23, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) Transcription Factor mediates Apoptosis in BCG‐Infected Macrophages
Summary Enhanced apoptosis of BCG‐infected macrophages has been shown to induce stronger dendritic cell‐mediated cross‐priming of T cells, leading to higher protection against Tuberculosis (TB). Uncovering host effectors underlying BCG‐induced apoptosis may then prove useful to improve BCG efficacy through priming macrophage apoptosis. Her we report that BCG‐mediated apoptosis of human macrophages relies on FOXO3 transcription factor activation. BCG induced a significant apoptosis of THP1 (TDMs) and human monocytes (MDMs)‐derived macrophages when a high MOI was used, as shown by annexin V/7‐AAD staining. BCG�...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - April 1, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Meriam Haoues, Amira Refai, Aude Mallavialle, M.Ridha Barbouche, Nizar Laabidi, Marcel Deckert, Makram Essafi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Carboxymefloquine, the major metabolite of antimalarial drug mefloquine, induces drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter expression by activation of pregnane X receptor.
Abstract Malaria patients are frequently co-infected with HIV and mycobacteria causing tuberculosis, which increases the co-administration of drugs and thereby enhances the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) by xenobiotics, including many drugs, induces drug metabolism and transport, thereby possibly resulting in attenuation or loss of the therapeutic response of drugs being co-administered. While several artemisinin-type antimalarial drugs have been shown to activate PXR, data on non-artemisinin-type antimalarials are still missing. Therefore this study aims to...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - October 13, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Piedade R, Traub S, Bitter A, Nüssler AK, Gil JP, Schwab M, Burk O Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Caspase-3-independent apoptotic pathways contribute to interleukin-32¿-mediated control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in THP-1 cells
Conclusions: The anti-MTB effects of IL-32γ are mediated through classical caspase-3-dependent apoptosis as well as caspase-3-independent apoptosis.
Source: BMC Microbiology - February 21, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiyuan BaiWilliam KinneyWen-Lin SuAn BaiAlida OvrutskyJennifer HondaMihai NeteaMarcela Henao-TamayoDiane OrdwayCharles DinarelloEdward Chan Source Type: research

Down-Regulation of miR-378d Increased Rab10 Expression to Help Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages
In conclusion, during M. tb infection of macrophages, miR-378d was down-regulated and functioned on decreasing M. tb intracellular survival by targeting Rab10 and the process was regulated by activation of the NF-κB and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. These findings shed light on further understanding the defense mechanisms in macrophages against M. tb infection.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 16, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

E3 Ligase FBXW7 Facilitates Mycobacterium Immune Evasion by Modulating TNF- α Expression
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a crucial factor in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Pathogenic mycobacteria can inhibit and/or regulate host cell TNF-α production in a variety of ways to evade antituberculosis (anti-TB) immunity as well as facilitate immune escape. However, the mechanisms by which TNF-α expression in host cells is modulated to the benefit of mycobacteria is still an interesting topic and needs further study. Here, we report that macrophages infected with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm)—a close relative of Mtb—upregulated the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. Speci...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - May 16, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Increased Interferon-Induced Protein With Tetracopeptides (IFITs) Reduces Mycobacterial Growth
ConclusionHigher expression levels of IFITs reduce in vitro survival of different drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mycobacteria and correlates with latent TB infection in infected individuals, hence emerging as an immuno-therapeutic target against M. tb.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - July 5, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research