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TLR-2, IL-10 and IL-17-mediated immunity in experimental chemotherapy murine model of systemic candidiasis; cyclophosphamides' impact and roles
In this study, following the establishment of infection and immunosuppression in Balb/c mice model, the mRNA/protein levels of TLR-2, IL-10, IL-17, and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum/kidney were measured using Real-time PCR and ELISA respectively. The survival of mice was checked daily and organ fungal burden was calculated and the histology samples were prepared. Results indicated that the mRNA and protein levels of IL-10, IL-17 and MPO were significantly elevated in immunosuppressed-infected mice (P < 0.05). Conversely, the mRNA level of TLR-2 in this mice were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). We...
Source: Microbial Pathogenesis - May 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Candida albicans {beta}-Glucan-Containing Particles Increase HO-1 Expression in Oral Keratinocytes via a Reactive Oxygen Species/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Nrf2 Pathway Host Response and Inflammation
Oral keratinocytes provide the first line of host defense against oral candidiasis. We speculated that interactions of fungal cell wall components with oral keratinocytes regulate the stress response against Candida infection and examined the expression of genes induced by heat-killed Candida albicans in oral immortalized keratinocytes using a cDNA microarray technique. Of 24,000 genes revealed by that analysis, we focused on HO-1, a stress-inducible gene, as its expression was increased by both heat-killed and live C. albicans. In histological findings, HO-1 expression in the superficial layers of the oral epithelium foll...
Source: Infection and Immunity - March 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ishida, Y., Ohta, K., Naruse, T., Kato, H., Fukui, A., Shigeishi, H., Nishi, H., Tobiume, K., Takechi, M. Tags: Host Response and Inflammation Source Type: research

Candida glabrata induced infection of rat tracheal epithelial cells is mediated by TLR-2 induced activation of NF-κB
Publication date: February 2016 Source:Microbial Pathogenesis, Volume 91 Author(s): Xue Zhang, Jian Bai, Cheng-Lin Wu, Ye Wu, Ying Zhao, Wen-Ming Song, Xue-Ping Luo An increasing number of reports identified Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) as the important causative agent of invasive pulmonary fungal infection. However, little is known about immune responses to C. glabrata in rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTEC). Here, the effect of C. glabrata on RTEC and the role of TLR-2 and NF-κB in the immune response were investigated by treatment with TLR-2 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), re...
Source: Microbial Pathogenesis - December 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

C.glabrata induced infection of rat tracheal epithelial cells is mediated by TLR-2 induced activation of NF-κB
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2015 Source:Microbial Pathogenesis Author(s): Xue Zhang, Jian Bai, Cheng-Lin Wu, Ye Wu, Ying Zhao, Wen-Ming Song, Xue-Ping Luo An increasing number of reports identified Candida glabrata (C.glabrata) as the important causative agent of invasive pulmonary fungal infection. However, little is known about immune responses to C.glabrata in rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTEC). Here, the effect of C.glabrata on RTEC and the role of TLR-2 and NF-κB in the immune response were investigated by treatment withTLR-2 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), re...
Source: Microbial Pathogenesis - October 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Chitinase 3-Like 1 Promotes Candida albicans Killing and Preserves Corneal Structure and Function by Controlling Host Antifungal Responses Fungal and Parasitic Infections
This study sought to elucidate the role of CHI3L1 in augmenting the corneal innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in an animal model of fungal keratitis. Flagellin applied topically 24 h prior to C. albicans inoculation significantly protected the corneal from C. albicans and induced CHI3L1 expression in C57BL/6 mouse corneas. CHI3L1, however, played a detectable but minor role in flagellin-induced protection. While C. albicans keratitis was more severe in the corneas treated with Chi3l1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), corneas treated with recombinant CHI3L1 before C. albicans inoculation had markedly amelior...
Source: Infection and Immunity - September 10, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gao, N., Yu, F.-S. X. Tags: Fungal and Parasitic Infections Source Type: research

Rab14 Regulates Maturation of Macrophage Phagosomes Containing the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans and Outcome of the Host-Pathogen Interaction Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions
Avoidance of innate immune defense is an important mechanism contributing to the pathogenicity of microorganisms. The fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes morphogenetic switching from the yeast to the filamentous hyphal form following phagocytosis by macrophages, facilitating its escape from the phagosome, which can result in host cell lysis. We show that the intracellular host trafficking GTPase Rab14 plays an important role in protecting macrophages from lysis mediated by C. albicans hyphae. Live-cell imaging of macrophages expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Rab14 or dominant negative Rab14, or with ...
Source: Infection and Immunity - March 17, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Okai, B., Lyall, N., Gow, N. A. R., Bain, J. M., Erwig, L.-P. Tags: Cellular Microbiology: Pathogen-Host Cell Molecular Interactions Source Type: research