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Source: Journal of Medical Entomology
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Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
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Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
Table of Contents
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Tags: Cover / Standing Material Source Type: research
The Role of Early-Phase Transmission in the Spread of Yersinia pestis
Early-phase transmission (EPT) of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas is a well-documented, replicable phenomenon with poorly defined mechanisms. We review evidence demonstrating EPT and current knowledge on its biological and biomechanical processes. We discuss the importance of EPT in the epizootic spread of Y. pestis and its role in the maintenance of plague bacteria in nature. We further address the role of EPT in the epidemiology of plague.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Eisen, R. J., Dennis, D. T., Gage, K. L. Tags: Forum Source Type: research
Hemocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae): Characterization, Population Abundance, and Ultrastructural Changes Following Challenge with Leishmania infantum
Few studies have examined the cellular immune response of ticks, and further research on the characterization of the hemocytes of ticks is required, particularly on those of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) because of the medical and veterinary importance of this tick. The aims of this study were to characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of the different types of hemocytes of adult R. sanguineus and to determine the population abundance and the ultrastructural changes in the hemocytes of ticks infected with Leishmania infantum. The hemocytes were characterized through light and transmission electron microsc...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Feitosa, A. P. S., Alves, L. C., Chaves, M. M., Veras, D. L., Silva, E. M., Alianca, A. S. S., Franca, I. R. S., Goncalves, G. G. A., Lima-Filho, J. L., Brayner, F. A. Tags: Arthropod/Host Interaction, Immunity Source Type: research
Winter Activity and Diapause of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Hanoi, Northern Vietnam
We studied the winter activity of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from November 2008 to April 2009 in Bat Trang village of Hanoi, Vietnam. We selected 12 houses and collected: 1) adults with BG sentinel traps, 2) pupae from household water containers, and 3) eggs with ovitraps. Aedes albopictus adults, pupae, and eggs were not collected from early January to early February. Though the egg hatching probability tended to be initially high at longer day length, the maximum probability gradually shifted to shorter day length, as the observation period elapsed. When females were reared under long day length and their eggs were immerse...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Tsunoda, T., Chaves, L. F., Nguyen, G. T. T., Nguyen, Y. T., Takagi, M. Tags: Development, Life History Source Type: research
Seasonality and Diapause of Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) at its Southern Limits in North America, With Observations on Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)
The face fly (Musca autumnalis De Geer) and horn fly (Haematobia irritans ([L.])) were studied at the southern edge of the face fly’s North American range, examining southern California geographic distribution, seasonal activity on cattle and in dung, and diapause. Face flies were common only at Pomona (34°03'N, 117°48'W). Other irrigated pastures, even those only slightly inland from Pomona, were probably too warm for face flies, due to a steep west (cooler) to east (warmer) temperature gradient. Horn flies were abundant at all sites. Adult densities on cattle, adults emerging from dung pats, and prevalence ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Fowler, F. E., Chirico, J., Sandelin, B. A., Mullens, B. A. Tags: Development, Life History Source Type: research
MtDNA Analysis for Genetic Identification of Forensically Important Sarcophagid Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in China
In this study, 78 sarcophagid fly specimens, representing 17 Chinese sarcophagid species, were collected from 29 locations in 18 Chinese provinces. Sequence data of the mitochondrial COI and COII of the most important Chinese flesh fly taxa associated with cadavers were presented for first time, which serve as reference standards for Chinese species determination. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the COI and COII sequences were useful for identifying most sarcophagid species. The results of this research will be conductive for implementation of the Chinese Sarcophagidae in forensic entomology. However, the application of ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Zhang, C., Fu, X., Xie, K., Yan, W., Guo, Y. Tags: Molecular Biology/Genomics Source Type: research
A New Genus of Fleas with Associated Microorganisms in Dominican Amber
A flea preserved in Dominican amber is described as Atopopsyllus cionus, n. gen., n. sp. (Atopopsyllini n. tribe, Spilopsyllinae, Pulicidae). The male specimen has two unique characters that have not been noted in previous extant or extinct fleas, thus warranting its tribal status. These characters are five-segmented maxillary palps and cerci-like organs on abdominal tergite X. Additional characters are the absence of ctenidia, very small eyes, a lanceolate terminal segment of the maxillary palps, legs with six notches on the dorsal margin of the tibiae, five pairs of lateral plantar bristles on the distitarsomeres, and ne...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Poinar, G. Tags: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution Source Type: research
A Checklist of Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhökiidae) From Taiwan, With Descriptions of Three New Species
Scrub typhus is a lethal human disease transmitted by larval trombiculid mites (i.e., chiggers) that have been infected with the rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi. In total, 21 chigger species are known from Taiwan. We update the checklist of chiggers of Taiwan based on an intensive survey of shrew and rodent hosts in grasslands and agricultural fields in lowland Taiwan, coupled with surveys of forests in one mountainous site and an opportunistic examination of submitted host specimens. Three new species of chiggers, Gahrliepia (Gateria) lieni sp. n., Gahrliepia (Gateria) minuta sp. n., and Gahrliepia (Gateria) yilanensis ...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Chung, L.-H., Wu, W.-J., Kuo, C.-C., Wang, H.-C. Tags: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution Source Type: research
Deltamethrin Binding to Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Lipoproteins. Analysis by Solvent Bar Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography
The binding of deltamethrin (DLM) to the hemipteran Triatoma infestans (Klug) hemolymph lipoproteins was evaluated in vitro. After DLM incubation with the insect hemolymph, lipoproteins were fractioned by ultracentrifugation. DLM binding was analyzed by a microextractive technique—solvent bar microextraction—a solventless methodology to extract DLM from each lipoprotein fraction. This is a novel use of the technique applied to extract an insecticide from an insect fluid. Capillary gas chromatography with microelectron capture detection was used to detect DLM bound by the T. infestans hemolymph lipoproteins...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Dulbecco, A. B., Mijailovsky, S. J., Girotti, J. R., Juarez, M. P. Tags: Neurobiology, Physiology, Biochemistry Source Type: research
Seasonal Activity, Density, and Collection Efficiency of the Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis) (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mid-Western Pennsylvania
Although Pennsylvania has recently reported the greatest number of Lyme disease cases in the United States, with the largest increase for PA occurring in its western region, the population biology of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) has not been adequately characterized in western PA. We studied the seasonal activity of host-seeking I. scapularis larvae, nymphs, and adults in mid-western PA over the course of a year, including a severe winter, and determined their absolute densities and collection efficiencies using replicated mark-release-recapture or removal methods. Our results are compared to those from sim...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Simmons, T. W., Shea, J., Myers-Claypole, M. A., Kruise, R., Hutchinson, M. L. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research
Population Genetic Structure of the Malaria Vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Sensu Stricto and Evidence for Possible Introgression in the Republic of Korea
In this study, 346 specimens from 23 localities were subject to experiments. Among them, 305 An. sinensis s.s. specimens from 20 localities were used for mtDNA analysis, and 346 specimens comprising 341 An. sinensis s.s. from 22 localities and five Anopheles kleini Rueda from one locality were examined in the microsatellite study. Neighbor-joining analysis of pairwise FST and RST based on microsatellite results showed that the populations are divided into two groups, as did the mtDNA results. However, the Bayesian analysis and factorial correspondence analysis plots showed three distinct clusters. Among the mtDNA and micro...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Kang, S., Jung, J., Kim, W. Tags: Population Biology/Genetics Source Type: research
Life History Traits and Demographic Parameters of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Fed on Human Blood
Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), the main vector of Chagas disease in South America, feeds primarily on humans, but ethical reasons preclude carrying out demographical studies using people. Thus, most laboratory studies of T. infestans are conducted using bird or mammal live hosts that may result in different demographic parameters from those obtained on human blood. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the use of an artificial feeder with human blood would be operational to rear triatomines and estimate population growth rates. We estimated life history traits and demographic parameter...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Medone, P., Balsalobre, A., Rabinovich, J. E., Marti, G. A., Menu, F. Tags: Population Biology/Genetics Source Type: research
Establishment of the Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) and Infestation of its Egg Sacs by a Parasitoid, Philolema latrodecti (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), in French Polynesia and the Cook Islands
This paper presents two newly established species for French Polynesia: the invasive brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, and its potential biocontrol agent, the parasitoid wasp, Philolema latrodecti (Fullaway). The brown widow spider was recorded from the island of Moorea in 2006 and, since that discovery, the occurrence of this species has expanded to two of the five archipelagos of French Polynesia including the main island of Tahiti and four of the Cook Islands. Although the tropical climate contributes to the establishment of L. geometricus, a biotic factor, P. latrodecti, may restrain population fr...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Marie, J., Vetter, R. S. Tags: Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal Source Type: research
