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Specialty: Tropical Medicine
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Total 19 results found since Jan 2013.

siRNA-Mediated Silencing of doublesex during Female Development of the Dengue Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti
by Keshava Mysore, Longhua Sun, Michael Tomchaney, Gwyneth Sullivan, Haley Adams, Andres S. Piscoya, David W. Severson, Zainulabeuddin Syed, Molly Duman-Scheel The development of sex-specific traits, including the female-specific ability to bite humans and vector disease, is critical for vector mosquito reproduction and pathogen transmission. Doublesex (Dsx), a terminal transcription factor in the sex determination pathway, is known to regulate sex-specific gene expression during development of the dengue fever vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Here, the effects of developmental siRNA-mediated dsx silencing were assessed in ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - November 6, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Keshava Mysore et al. Source Type: research

Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aegypti cells
by Margus Varjak, Claire L. Donald, Timothy J. Mottram, Vattipally B. Sreenu, Andres Merits, Kevin Maringer, Esther Schnettler, Alain Kohl RNA interference (RNAi) controls arbovirus infections in mosquitoes. Two different RNAi pathways are involved in antiviral responses: the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) and exogenous short interfering RNA (exo-siRNA) pathways, which are characterized by the production of virus-derived small RNAs of 25–29 and 21 nucleotides, respectively. The exo-siRNA pathway is considered to be the key mosquito antiviral response mechanism. InAedes aegypti-derived cells, Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific siR...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - October 17, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Margus Varjak Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of a Trichinella spiralis aspartic protease and its facilitation role in larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells
ConclusionsrTsASP2 possesses the enzymatic activity of native aspartic protease and facilitatesT.spiralis invasion of host IECs.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 26, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jia Xu Source Type: research

The small non-coding RNA response to virus infection in the Leishmania vector Lutzomyia longipalpis 
by Fl ávia Viana Ferreira, Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar, Roenick Proveti Olmo, Karla Pollyanna Vieira de Oliveira, Emanuele Guimarães Silva, Maurício Roberto Viana Sant'Anna, Nelder de Figueiredo Gontijo, Erna Geessien Kroon, Jean Luc Imler, João Trindade Marques Sandflies are well known vectors forLeishmania but also transmit a number of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Few studies have addressed the interaction between sandflies and arboviruses. RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms utilize small non-coding RNAs to regulate different aspects of host-pathogen interactions. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - June 4, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Fl ávia Viana Ferreira Source Type: research

PIWI silencing mechanism involving the retrotransposon nimbus orchestrates resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the snail vector, Biomphalaria glabrata 
Conclusions and significanceThese findings support a role for the interplay ofBgPiwi andnimbus in the epigenetic modulation of plasticity of resistance/susceptibility in the snail-schistosome relationship.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 8, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Michael Smith Source Type: research

RNA interference in Fasciola gigantica : Establishing and optimization of experimental RNAi in the newly excysted juveniles of the fluke
by Arun Anandanarayanan, Opinder Krishen Raina, Hniang Lalrinkima, Ajayta Rialch, Muthu Sankar, Anju Varghese Fasciolosis caused byFasciola gigantica is a neglected tropical disease but a constraint on the growth and productivity of cattle, buffaloes and sheep in the tropical countries of Asia and Africa. Resistance to commonly used anthelmintics inFasciola has increased the need to search for alternative therapeutic targets. RNA interference is the current tool of choice in the search for such targets inFasciola. The susceptibility of juvenileFasciola hepatica to double stranded (ds) RNA induced RNAi has been established...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - December 12, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Arun Anandanarayanan Source Type: research

Flagellin-independent effects of a Toll-like receptor 5 polymorphism in the inflammatory response to Burkholderia pseudomallei 
Conclusions/SignificanceThe effects of the common nonsenseTLR5:c.1174C>T polymorphism on the host inflammatory response toB.pseudomallei may not be restricted to flagellin-driven pathways. Moreover, TLR5 may modulate TLR4-dependent cytokine production. While these results may have broader implications for the role of TLR5 in the innate immune response in melioidosis and other conditions, further studies of the mechanisms underlying these observations are required.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - May 7, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Amy K. Dickey Source Type: research

Epigenetic regulation of defense genes by histone deacetylase1 in human cell line-derived macrophages promotes intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani 
by Gargi Roy, Harsimran Kaur Brar, Rohini Muthuswami, Rentala MadhubalaLeishmania donovani, an intracellular protozoan parasite upon infection, encounters a range of antimicrobial factors within the host cells. Consequently, the parasite has evolved mechanisms to evade this hostile defense system through inhibition of macrophage activation that, in turn, enables parasite replication and survival. There is growing evidence that epigenetic down-regulation of the host genome by intracellular pathogens leads to acute infection. Epigenetic modification is mediated by chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, or DNA methylati...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - April 9, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Gargi Roy Source Type: research

 Trichinella spiralis : Knockdown of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) results in the reduction of worm burden
by Hong Fei, Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi, Sana Zahra Naqvi, Lixin Xu, Xiaokai Song, Xiangrui Li, Ruofeng YanTrichinella spiralis is mammalian skeletal muscles parasite which may cause trichinellosis in animals and humans. Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a widespread superfamily which plays key role in processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. There are no reports about GILT inT.spiralis. In present study, GILT fromT.spiralis (Tsp-GILT) was cloned, analyzed by multiple-sequence alignment, and predicted by 3D structure model. Recomb...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - November 30, 2021 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hong Fei Source Type: research

Proteomics Profiling of Chikungunya-Infected Aedes albopictus C6/36 Cells Reveal Important Mosquito Cell Factors in Virus Replication
In this study, the CHIKV-infected C6/36 cells with differential cellular proteins expression were profiled using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled with the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). 2DE analysis on CHIKV-infected C6/36 cells has shown 23 mosquito cellular proteins that are differentially regulated, and which are involved diverse biological pathways, such as protein folding and metabolic processes. Among those identified mosquito proteins, spermatogenesis-associated factor, enolase phosphatase e-1 and chaperonin-60kD have been found to...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 4, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Regina Ching Hua Lee et al. Source Type: research

The Antiviral RNAi Response in Vector and Non-vector Cells against Orthobunyaviruses
Conclusions/SignificanceThese findings have important implications for our understanding of antiviral RNAi pathways and orthobunyavirus-vector interactions and tropism.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - January 5, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Isabelle Dietrich Source Type: research

Schistosome infectivity in the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata , is partially dependent on the expression of Grctm6, a Guadeloupe Resistance Complex protein.
by Euan R. O. Allan, Jacob A. Tennessen, Stephanie R. Bollmann, Patrick C. Hanington, Christopher J. Bayne, Michael S. Blouin Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Despite effective chemotherapeutic treatments, this disease continues to afflict hundreds of millions of people. Understanding the natural intermediate snail hosts of schistosome parasites is vital to the suppression of this disease. A recently identified genomic region in CaribbeanBiomphalaria glabrata snails strongly influences their resistance to infection bySchistosoma mansoni. This region contains novel genes having stru...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - February 2, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Euan R. O. Allan Source Type: research

Macropinocytosis Dependent Entry of Chikungunya Virus into Human Muscle Cells
This study shows for the first time, that the infectious entry of CHIKV into human muscle cells is mediated by macropinocytosis. Together, the da ta from this study may pave the way for the development of specific inhibitors that target the entry process of CHIKV into cells.
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - August 25, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ching Hua, Regina Lee Source Type: research

Chikungunya virus requires cellular chloride channels for efficient genome replication
In this study, we investigated the role of host-cell chloride (Cl-) channels on CHIKV replication.We demonstrate that specific pharmacological Cl- channel inhibitors significantly inhibit CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that Cl-channels are pro-viral factors in human cells. Further analysis of the effect of the inhibitors on CHIKV attachment, entry, viral protein expression and replicon replication demonstrated that Cl- channels are specifically required for efficient CHIKV genome replication. This was conserved in mosquito cells, where CHIKV replication and genome copy number was significantly red...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 3, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Marietta M üller Source Type: research

Intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase as a potential target for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis
by Alexander F. Flynn, M. Gordon Joyce, Rebekah T. Taylor, Sasisekhar Bennuru, Alyssa R. Lindrose, Spencer L. Sterling, C. Paul Morris, Thomas B. Nutman, Edward Mitre Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a morbid disease caused by the tissue-invasive nematodesWuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayi, andBrugia timori, affects millions of people worldwide. Global eradication efforts have significantly reduced worldwide prevalence, but complete elimination has been hampered by limitations of current anti-filarial drugs and the lack of a vaccine. The goal of this study was to evaluateB.malayi intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (Bm-UGT) ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - September 11, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Alexander F. Flynn Source Type: research

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