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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.
Abnormalities in Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
ConclusionsThis study suggests that disturbances in the gut microbiome composition and metabolites and their crosstalk or interaction may participate in the pathogenesis of CSU.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 15, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Systemic Sclerosis in Zimbabwe: Autoantibody Biomarkers, Clinical, and Laboratory Correlates
ConclusionThe expression of SSc specific autoantibodies is common and associated with known SSc symptoms. The types and frequency of autoantibodies varied with racial groupings. A fifth of the patients were children below the age of 16 years.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 9, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
IL-21 Rescues the Defect of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells and Improves Allergic Asthma in DOCK8 Deficient Mice
Mutations in human DOCK8 cause a combined immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergy. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Regulatory B (Breg) cells that produce IL-10 exert potent immunosuppressive functions in patients with allergic and autoimmune disorders. DOCK8-deficient B cells show diminished responses to TLR9 signaling, suggesting a possible defect in IL-10-producing Breg cells in those with DOCK8 deficiency, which may contribute to allergies. Here, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DOCK8-deficient patients and generated a Dock8 KO mouse m...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 15, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Conditioned Medium of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Alleviates Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis Mainly by IL-1ra and IL-10
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is the most prevalent form of mucosal allergy, and the conditioned medium (CM) from mesenchymal stem cells has been reported to attenuate some allergic diseases. However, the therapeutic effects of CM from different tissue stem cells (TSC-CM) on allergic diseases have not been tested. Here, we studied the effects of topical administration of different human TSC-CM on experimental AC (EAC) mice. Only human amniotic epithelial cell-CM (AECM) significantly attenuated allergic eye symptoms and reduced the infiltration of immune cells and the levels of local inflammatory factors in the conjunctiva c...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Successful Milk Oral Immunotherapy Promotes Generation of Casein-Specific CD137+ FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells Detectable in Peripheral Blood
ConclusionsOverall, effective CMP-OIT successfully promoted the expansion of casein-specific, functionally-stable FOXP3+ TREG cells while mitigating Th2 responses in children receiving OIT. Our exploratory study proposes that an in vitro TREG response to casein may correlate with the time to reach maintenance in CMP-OIT.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 23, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Transcriptional Profiling of Mouse Eosinophils Identifies Distinct Gene Signatures Following Cellular Activation
Eosinophils are multifunctional, evolutionary conserved leukocytes that are involved in a plethora of responses ranging from regulation of tissue homeostasis to host defense and cancer. Eosinophils have been studied mostly in the context of Type 2 inflammatory responses such as those found in allergy. Nonetheless, it is now evident that they participate in Type 1 inflammatory responses and can respond to Type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ. Recent data suggest that the pleotropic roles of eosinophils are due to heterogeneous responses to environmental cues. Despite this, the activation profile of eosinophils, in response to va...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 14, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Establishing the Molecular Diagnoses in a Cohort of 291 Patients With Predominantly Antibody Deficiency by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing: Experience From a Monocentric Study
This study reiterates that the immunological heterogeneity of predominantly antibody deficiencies may have a diverse genetic origin, although certain clinical features may hint towards a specific group of defects. Employing targeted sequencing panels proves to be a very time- and cost-efficient, yet reliable, method for the establishment of a genetic diagnosis in individuals with PAD. However, in case of negative panel results, or if functional testing reveals inconspicuous observations in patients with a clear indication for genetic testing, further work-up including whole exome or whole genome sequencing should be considered.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 17, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A Critical Function for the Transcription Factors GLI1 and GLI2 in the Proliferation and Survival of Human Mast Cells
Mast cell hyperactivity and accumulation in tissues are associated with allergy and other mast cell-related disorders. However, the molecular pathways regulating mast cell survival in homeostasis and disease are not completely understood. As glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins are involved in both tissue homeostasis and in the hematopoietic system by regulating cell fate decisions, we sought to investigate the role for GLI proteins in the control of proliferation and survival of human mast cells. GLI1 transcripts were present in primary human mast cells and mast cell lines harboring or not activating mutations in the...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Current Development and Challenges of Tetravalent Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccines
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease caused by one of four distinct but closely related dengue viruses (DENV) and places significant economic and public health burdens in the endemic areas. A dengue vaccine will be important in advancing disease control. However, the effort has been challenged by the requirement to induce effective protection against all four DENV serotypes and the potential adverse effect due to the phenomenon that partial immunity to DENV may worsen the symptoms upon subsequent heterotypic infection. Currently, the most advanced dengue vaccines are all tetravalent and based on recombinant live att...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 24, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Tick Intrastadial Feeding and Its Role on IgE Production in the Murine Model of Alpha-gal Syndrome: The Tick “Transmission” Hypothesis
In this study, we found that partially fed males of A. americanum on bovine blood, which engage in multiple intrastadial feedings, carry a large amount of aGal in the salivary glands. In our current work, we aimed to test whether ticks mediate the transmission of the aGal sensitizer acquired from nonhuman blood to humans in the intrastadial host switch (referred to as the “transmission” hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we used an alpha-galactosyltransferase knockout mutant mouse (aGT-KO) model system infested with ticks that were unfed or partially fed on bovine blood. Based on the levels of total IgE and specific...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators?
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 10, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Evaluation of a Novel Adjuvanted Vaccine for Ultrashort Regimen Therapy of Artemisia Pollen-Induced Allergic Bronchial Asthma in a Mouse Model
Wormwood (Artemisia) pollen is among the top 10 aeroallergens globally that cause allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the gold standard for treating patients with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. A significant disadvantage of today’s ASIT methods is the long duration of therapy and multiplicity of allergen administrations. The goal of this study was to undertake a pilot study in mice of a novel ultrashort vaccine immunotherapy regimen incorporating various adjuvants to assess its ability to treat allergic bronchial asthma caused by wormwood pollen.We evaluated i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Role of Basophils in a Broad Spectrum of Disorders
Basophils are the rarest granulocytes and have long been overlooked in immunological research due to their rarity and similarities with tissue-resident mast cells. In the last two decades, non-redundant functions of basophils have been clarified or implicated in a broad spectrum of immune responses, particularly by virtue of the development of novel analytical tools for basophils. Basophils infiltrate inflamed tissues of patients with various disorders, even though they circulate in the bloodstream under homeostatic conditions. Depletion of basophils results in the amelioration or exaggeration of inflammation, depending on...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 27, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Allergen-Specific IgA Antibodies Block IgE-Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and Basophils
Mast cells and basophils have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. They express the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcϵRI, on their surface. Antigen-induced crosslinking of IgE antibodies bound to that receptor triggers a signaling cascade that results in activation, leading to the release of an array of preformed vasoactive mediators and rapidly synthesized lipids, as well as the de novo production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition to bearing activating receptors like FcεRI, these effector cells of allergy express inhibitory ones including FcγR2b, an IgG Fc receptor with...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 5, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Models and Tools for Investigating Eosinophilic Esophagitis at the Bench
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly common food allergy disease of the esophagus that received its medical designation code in 2008. Despite this recency, great strides have been made in the understanding of EoE pathophysiology and type 2 immunity through basic and translational scientific investigations conducted at the bench. These advances have been critical to our understanding of disease mechanisms and generating new hypotheses, however, there currently is only one very recently approved FDA-approved therapy for EoE, leaving a great deal to be uncovered for patients with this disease. Here we review some...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 6, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
