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Source: Frontiers in Immunology
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Total 269 results found since Jan 2013.
Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Cofactor-Dependent Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis: Effect of Cofactors in Basophils and Mast Cells
In conclusion, the study of the immune-related mechanisms involved in food allergic reactions enhanced by cofactors is of the utmost interest. This knowledge will help to design both tailored treatments and prophylactic strategies that, nowadays, are non-existent.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 17, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Pre- and Neonatal Imprinting on Immunological Homeostasis and Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Prevents Allergic Poly-Sensitization in Mice
This study is the first one to establish the model of allergic poly-sensitization in gnotobiotic mice. Using two different settings, gnotobiotic and conventional mice, we demonstrated that an early life intervention with the EcN without expressing an allergen is a powerful strategy to prevent poly-sensitization later in life.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 17, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders
Parasitic helminths, comprising the flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and nematodes (roundworms), have plagued humans persistently over a considerable period of time. It is now known that the degree of exposure to these and other pathogens inversely correlates with the incidence of both T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergy. Accordingly, there has been recent increased interest in utilizing active helminth worm infections and helminth-derived products for the treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and to alleviate disease severity. Indeed, there is an accumulating list of novel hel...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Cross With Caution: Antibiotic Cross-Reactivity and Co-Reactivity Patterns in Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions
Current understanding of cross-reactivity in severe cutaneous adverse reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics is limited, thereby making recommendations for future prescribing difficult. The underlying immunopathogenesis of these reactions is not completely understood but involves interactions between small molecule drugs, T cells and HLA molecules. Historically, these reactions were considered to be specific to the inciting antibiotic and therefore likely to have minimal cross-reactivity. We assessed patients presenting with non-SJS/TEN severe cutaneous adverse reactions to a tertiary hospital drug allergy clinic. In our cas...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 25, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, “window of opportunity” that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, dr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Bovine Holo-Beta-Lactoglobulin Cross-Protects Against Pollen Allergies in an Innate Manner in BALB/c Mice: Potential Model for the Farm Effect
In conclusion, prophylactic treatment with holo-BLG protected against allergy in an antigen-specific and -unspecific manner by decreasing antigen presentation, specific antibody production and abrogating a Th2-response. Holo-BLG therefore promotes immune resilience against pollen allergens in an innate manner and may thereby contribute to the farm protective effect against atopic sensitization.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Reduction of Allergic Lung Disease by Mucosal Application of Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Molecules: Possible Role of Carbohydrates
ConclusionWe showed that mucosal application of TLA reduced the development of experimental allergy in mice. The beneficial effects depended on the timing of the application in relation to the time point of sensitization. Not only co-application, but also therapy in sensitized/allergic animals with native TLA reduced local allergic responses. Furthermore, we show that TLA is highly glycosylated and glycoconjugates seem to play a role in anti-allergic effects. In summary, given the powerful modulatory effect that TLA exhibits, understanding its exact mechanisms of action may lead to the development of novel immunomodulators...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 10, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Tailored Modulation of Cellular Pro-inflammatory Responses With Disaccharide Lipid A Mimetics
We report on controllable modulation of cellular pro-inflammatory responses by application of novel synthetic glycolipids—disaccharide-based lipid A mimetics (DLAMs) having picomolar affinity for TLR4/MD-2. Using crystal structure inspired design we have developed endotoxin mimetics where the inherently flexible β(1 → 6)-linked diglucosamine backbone of lipid A is replaced by a conformationally restricted α,α-(1↔1)-linked disaccharide scaffold. The tertiary structure of the disaccharide skeleton of DLAMs mirrors the 3-dimensional shape of TLR4/MD-2 bound E. coli lipid A. Due to exceptional conformational rigidity ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 18, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Allergic Reactions to Serine Protease-Like Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus
In cystic fibrosis (CF) infectious and allergic airway inflammation cause pulmonary exacerbations that destroy the lungs. Staphylococcus aureus is a common long-term colonizer and cause of recurrent airway infections in CF. The pathogen is also associated with respiratory allergy; especially the staphylococcal serine protease-like proteins (Spls) can induce type 2 immune responses in humans and mice. We measured the serum IgE levels specific to 7 proteases of S. aureus by ELISA, targeting 5 Spls (76 CF patients and 46 controls) and the staphopains A and B (16 CF patients and 46 controls). Then we compared cytokine release...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 23, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Editorial: Novel Advances in Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 13, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Role of Lectin Receptors and Their Ligands in Controlling Allergic Inflammation
More than fifty c-type lectin receptors (CLR) are known and have been identified so far. Moreover, we know the group of galectins and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins that also belong to the carbohydrate-binding receptors of the immune system. Thus, the lectin receptors form the largest receptor family among the pathogen recognition receptors. Similar to the toll-like receptors (TLRs), the CLR do not only recognize foreign but also endogenous molecules. In contrast to TLRs, which have a predominantly activating effect on the immune system, lectin receptors also mediate inhibitory signals. They play an import...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immunological Responses to Envenomation
Venoms are complex mixtures of toxic compounds delivered by bite or sting. In humans, the consequences of envenomation range from self-limiting to lethal. Critical host defence against envenomation comprises innate and adaptive immune strategies targeted towards venom detection, neutralisation, detoxification, and symptom resolution. In some instances, venoms mediate immune dysregulation that contributes to symptom severity. This review details the involvement of immune cell subtypes and mediators, particularly of the dermis, in host resistance and venom-induced immunopathology. We further discuss established venom-associa...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 10, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents
Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of these components on the microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract, which is beneficial for health. The gut bacteria can act directly and indirectly on the immune system by stimulating innate imm...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 24, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
