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Source: The Lancet HIV
Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS
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Total 19 results found since Jan 2013.
Quantifying HIV transmission flow between high-prevalence hotspots and surrounding communities: a population-based study in Rakai, Uganda
Publication date: Available online 14 January 2020Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Oliver Ratmann, Joseph Kagaayi, Matthew Hall, Tanya Golubchick, Godfrey Kigozi, Xiaoyue Xi, Chris Wymant, Gertrude Nakigozi, Lucie Abeler-Dörner, David Bonsall, Astrid Gall, Anne Hoppe, Paul Kellam, Jeremiah Bazaale, Sarah Kalibbala, Oliver Laeyendecker, Justin Lessler, Fred Nalugoda, Larry W Chang, Tulio de OliveiraSummaryBackgroundInternational and global organisations advocate targeting interventions to areas of high HIV prevalence (ie, hotspots). To better understand the potential benefits of geo-targeted control, we assessed the extent...
Source: The Lancet HIV - January 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Impact of combination HIV interventions on HIV incidence in hyperendemic fishing communities in Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2019Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Joseph Kagaayi, Larry W Chang, Victor Ssempijja, M Kate Grabowski, Robert Ssekubugu, Gertrude Nakigozi, Godfrey Kigozi, David M Serwadda, Ronald H Gray, Fred Nalugoda, Nelson K Sew.ambo, Lisa Nelson, Lisa A Mills, Donna Kabatesi, Stella Alamo, Caitlin E Kennedy, Aaron A R Tobian, John S Santelli, Anna Mia Ekström, Helena NordenstedtSummaryBackgroundTargeting combination HIV interventions to locations and populations with high HIV burden is a global priority, but the impact of these strategies on HIV incidence is unclear. We assessed the i...
Source: The Lancet HIV - September 16, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Antiretroviral therapy and vaginally administered contraceptive hormones: a three-arm, pharmacokinetic study
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01903031.FindingsBetween Dec 30, 2014, and Sept 12, 2016, we enrolled 84 participants in the study; ten participants were excluded from the primary hormone analysis. 74 participants met the primary endpoint: 25 in the control group, 25 in the efavirenz group, and 24 in the atazanavir group. On day 21 of intravaginal ring use, participants receiving efavirenz had 79% lower etonogestrel (GMR 0·21, 90% CI 0·16–0·28; p<0·0001) and 59% lower ethinylestradiol (0·41, 0·32–0·52; p<0·0001) concentrations compared with the control group. By contrast, par...
Source: The Lancet HIV - September 5, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HIV transmission networks among transgender women in Los Angeles County, CA, USA: a phylogenetic analysis of surveillance data
We examined the possible predictors of clustering with multivariate logistic regression. We characterised the genetically linked partners of transgender women and calculated assortativity (the tendency for people to link to other people with the same attributes) for each transmission risk group.Findings8133 (36·3%) of 22 398 individuals clustered in the network across 1722 molecular transmission clusters. Transgender women who indicated a sexual risk factor clustered at the highest frequency in the network, with 147 (43%) of 345 being linked to at least one other person (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2·0, p=0·0002). Trans...
Source: The Lancet HIV - February 12, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Clinical effect and cost-effectiveness of incorporation of point-of-care assays into early infant HIV diagnosis programmes in Zimbabwe: a modelling study
Publication date: Available online 5 February 2019Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Simone C Frank, Jennifer Cohn, Lorna Dunning, Emma Sacks, Rochelle P Walensky, Sushant Mukherjee, Caitlin M Dugdale, Esther Turunga, Kenneth A Freedberg, Andrea L CiaranelloSummaryBackgroundNew point-of-care (POC) assays for early infant HIV diagnosis are costlier than conventional total nucleic acid assays, but could increase access to testing, shorten time to results, and expedite initiation of antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to assess the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of incorporating these POC assays into early infant diagnos...
Source: The Lancet HIV - February 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Community based distribution of oral HIV self-testing kits in Zambia: a cluster-randomised trial nested in four HPTN 071 (PopART) intervention communities
Publication date: Available online 21 December 2018Source: The Lancet HIVAuthor(s): Chama Mulubwa, Bernadette Hensen, Mwelwa M Phiri, Kwame Shanaube, Albertus J Schaap, Sian Floyd, Comfort R Phiri, Chiti Bwalya, Virginia Bond, Musonda Simwinga, Lawrence Mwenge, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Alwyn Mwinga, Helen Ayles, HPTN 071 (PopART) Study TeamSummaryBackgroundThe HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomised trial provided door-to-door HIV testing services to a large proportion of individuals residing in 21 intervention communities in Zambia and South Africa from 2014 to 2017 and reached the UNAIDS first 90 target among women in Z...
Source: The Lancet HIV - December 22, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Migration and risk of HIV acquisition in Rakai, Uganda: a population-based cohort study
Publication date: Available online 25 February 2018 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Oluwasolape Olawore, Aaron A R Tobian, Joseph Kagaayi, Jeremiah M Bazaale, Betty Nantume, Grace Kigozi, Justine Nankinga, Fred Nalugoda, Gertrude Nakigozi, Godfrey Kigozi, Ronald H Gray, Maria J Wawer, Robert Ssekubugu, John S Santelli, Steven J Reynolds, Larry W Chang, David Serwadda, Mary K Grabowski Background In sub-Saharan Africa, migrants typically have higher HIV prevalence than non-migrants; however, whether HIV acquisition typically precedes or follows migration is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk of HIV after migration ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - February 26, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Which HIV-infected adults with high CD4 T-cell counts benefit most from immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy? A post-hoc subgroup analysis of the START trial
Publication date: Available online 16 January 2018 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Jean-Michel Molina, Birgit Grund, Fred Gordin, Ian Williams, Mauro Schechter, Marcello Losso, Matthew Law, Ernest Ekong, Noluthando Mwelase, Athanasios Skoutelis, Martin J Wiselka, Linos Vandekerckhove, Thomas Benfield, David Munroe, Jens D Lundgren, James D Neaton Background Immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in asymptomatic adults with CD4 counts higher than 500 cells per μL, as recommended, might not always be possible in resource-limited settings. We aimed to identify subgroups of individuals who would benefit most f...
Source: The Lancet HIV - January 17, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Detection and treatment of Fiebig stage I HIV-1 infection in young at-risk women in South Africa: a prospective cohort study
Publication date: Available online 1 October 2017 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Krista L Dong, Amber Moodley, Douglas S Kwon, Musie S Ghebremichael, Mary Dong, Nasreen Ismail, Zaza M Ndhlovu, Jenniffer M Mabuka, Daniel M Muema, Karyn Pretorius, Nina Lin, Bruce D Walker, Thumbi Ndung'u Background HIV incidence among young women in sub-Saharan Africa remains high and their inclusion in vaccine and cure efforts is crucial. We aimed to establish a cohort of young women detected during Fiebig stage I acute HIV infection in whom treatment was initiated immediately after diagnosis to advance research in this high-risk group. ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - October 2, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Unveiling of HIV dynamics among transgender women: a respondent-driven sampling study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2017 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Beatriz Grinsztejn, Emilia M Jalil, Laylla Monteiro, Luciane Velasque, Ronaldo I Moreira, Ana Cristina F Garcia, Cristiane V Castro, Alícia Krüger, Paula M Luz, Albert Y Liu, Willi McFarland, Susan Buchbinder, Valdilea G Veloso, Erin C Wilson Background The burden of HIV in transgender women (transwomen) in Brazil remains unknown. We aimed to estimate HIV prevalence among transwomen in Rio de Janeiro and to identify predictors of newly diagnosed HIV infections. Methods We recruited transwomen from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by respondent-dr...
Source: The Lancet HIV - February 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Effect of immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy on risk of severe bacterial infections in HIV-positive people with CD4 cell counts of more than 500 cells per μL: secondary outcome results from a randomised controlled trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00867048. Findings Patients were recruited from April 15, 2009, to Dec 23, 2013. The data cutoff for follow-up was May 26, 2015. Of 4685 HIV-positive people enrolled, 120 had severe bacterial infections (immediate-initiation group n=34, deferred-initiation group n=86; median 2·8 years of follow-up). Immediate ART was associated with a reduced risk of severe bacterial infection compared with deferred ART (hazard ratio [HR] 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57, p<0·0001). In the immediate-initiation group, average neutrophil count over follow-up was 321 cells per μ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - January 4, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Population levels and geographical distribution of HIV RNA in rural Ugandan and Kenyan communities, including serodiscordant couples: a cross-sectional analysis
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2016 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Vivek Jain, Maya L Petersen, Teri Liegler, Dathan M Byonanebye, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Gabriel Chamie, Norton Sang, Doug Black, Tamara D Clark, Andras Ladai, Albert Plenty, Jane Kabami, Emmanuel Ssemmondo, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Craig R Cohen, Edwin D Charlebois, Moses R Kamya, Diane V Havlir Background As sub-Saharan Africa transitions to a new era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), up-to-date assessments of population-level HIV RNA suppression are needed to inform interventions to optimise ART delivery. We sought to measure population...
Source: The Lancet HIV - December 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Cognitive behavioural therapy for adherence and depression in patients with HIV: a three-arm randomised controlled trial
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2016 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Steven A Safren, C Andres Bedoya, Conall O'Cleirigh, Katie B Biello, Megan M Pinkston, Michael D Stein, Lara Traeger, Erna Kojic, Gregory K Robbins, Jonathan A Lerner, Debra S Herman, Matthew J Mimiaga, Kenneth H Mayer Background Depression is highly prevalent in people with HIV and has consistently been associated with poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Integrating cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression with adherence counselling using the Life-Steps approach (CBT-AD) has an emerging evidence base. The aim of this ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - September 19, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Effects of a multicomponent intervention to streamline initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Africa: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01810289. Findings Between April 11, 2013, and Feb 2, 2015, 12 024 eligible patients visited one of the 20 participating clinics. Median CD4 count was 310 cells per μL (IQR 179–424). 3753 of 4747 patients (weighted proportion 80%) in the intervention group had started ART by 2 weeks after eligibility compared with 2585 of 7066 patients (38%) in the control group (risk difference 41·9%, 95% CI 40·1–43·8). Vital status was ascertained in a random sample of 208 patients in the intervention group and 199 patients in the control group. Four deaths (2%) occurr...
Source: The Lancet HIV - August 26, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in agrarian, trading, and fishing communities in Rakai, Uganda: an observational epidemiological study
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2016 Source:The Lancet HIV Author(s): Larry W Chang, Mary K Grabowski, Robert Ssekubugu, Fred Nalugoda, Godfrey Kigozi, Betty Nantume, Justin Lessler, Sean M Moore, Thomas C Quinn, Steven J Reynolds, Ronald H Gray, David Serwadda, Maria J Wawer Background Understanding the extent to which HIV burden differs across communities and the drivers of local disparities is crucial for an effective and targeted HIV response. We assessed community-level variations in HIV prevalence, risk factors, and treatment and prevention service uptake in Rakai, Uganda. Methods The Rakai ...
Source: The Lancet HIV - July 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
