Filtered By:
Source: Biology of Reproduction

This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 2.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 100 results found since Jan 2013.

Regulation of Cyclin D2 Expression and Degradation by Follicle Stimulating Hormone During Rat Granulosa Cell Proliferation In Vitro.
Abstract Cyclin D2 (CCND2, encoded by Ccnd2) plays an important role in the induction of early-to-mid G1 phase transition and is required for granulose cell proliferation during ovarian folliculogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the regulation of cyclin D2 expression and degradation during rat granulosa cell proliferation in vitro. FSH acutely increased granulosa cell Ccnd2 mRNA abundance and CCND2 protein content as well as proliferation. FSH-induced granulosa cell CCND2 protein content and proliferation were mimicked by forskolin and attenuated by in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 24, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Han Y, Xia G, Tsang BK Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

A Novel Role for FOXO3 in Human Labor: Increased Expression in Laboring Myometrium, and Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Labor Mediators in Pregnant Human Myometrial Cells.
Abstract Preterm birth is the leading factor causing neonatal mortality and morbidity. Inflammation plays a central role in stimulating uterine contractility, which is responsible for approximately one-third of all preterm births. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) regulates inflammation in non-gestational tissues such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine the effect of (i) human term labor on myometrial FOXO3 expression, and (ii) FOXO3 inhibition and FOXO3 overexpression on pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators in human myometria...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 1, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Canonical WNT2 Pathway and FSH Interact to Regulate Gap Junction Assembly in Mouse Granulosa Cells.
Abstract WNTs are extracellular signaling molecules that exert their actions through receptors of the frizzled (FZD) family. Previous work indicated that WNT2 regulates cell proliferation in mouse granulosa cells acting through CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), a key component in canonical WNT signaling. In other cells, WNT signaling has been shown to regulate expression of connexin43 (CX43), a gap junction protein, as well as gap junction assembly. Since previous work had demonstrated that CX43 is also essential in ovarian follicle development, the objective of this study was to determine if WNT2 regulates CX43 expression a...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang HX, Gillio-Meina C, Chen S, Gong XQ, Li TY, Bai D, Kidder GM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Regulation of the Activin-Inhibin-Follistatin System by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Zebrafish Ovary.
Abstract In the zebrafish, the dynamic expression of the activin-inhibin-follistatin system during folliculogenesis and its exclusive localization (except follistatin) in the follicle cells suggest that the system plays important roles in follicle development and its expression is subject to tight controls, probably by external factors including those derived from the oocyte. We have previously identified zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as oocyte factors that may act on the follicle cells; however, the targets of BMPs in the follicle cells remain unknown. Considering their spatiotemporal expression in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Li CW, Ge W Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Regulates 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Human Trophoblast Cells Through a Transcriptional Mechanism.
Abstract The placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene) plays a key role in fetal development, but its regulation is incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that p38 MAPK was a positive regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. However, it remains unknown if the other two MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK, were also involved. In the present study, we identified ERK1/2 as an important regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. We showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 with the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 led to a 3-fold increase in 11β-HSD2 activity, protein, and mRNA in primary human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 21, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Guan H, Sun K, Yang K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in the Spermatocyte Cell Line GC-2spd(ts) Cell-Line by Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC) via Arylhydrocarbon Receptor-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Ahr-Nrf2 Pathway.
In this study, we show that exposure of the spermatocyte cell line [GC-2spd(ts)] to CSC induces an increase in Cyp1a1, demonstrating AHR activation, and simultaneous expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), where it is believed to modulate Ahr expression by feedback mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition by AHR-antagonist (CH223191), and Ahr- and Nrf2-siRNA interference followed by q-RTPCR implicate the Ahr-Nrf2 pathway in the modulation of DNA damage and growth suppression genes such as Gadd45a and P21 and oxidative stress-related genes Cyp1a1, Nrf2, and Ahrr. Flow cytomet...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - November 20, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Moley KH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Functional Role of the Bovine Oocyte-Specific Protein JY-1 in Meiotic Maturation, Cumulus Expansion, and Subsequent Embryonic Development.
In conclusion, these results support an important functional role for oocyte-derived JY-1 protein during meiotic maturation in promoting progression to metaphase II, cumulus expansion and subsequent embryonic development. PMID: 24501174 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 5, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee KB, Wee G, Zhang K, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

RhoGDI2 Is Expressed in Human Trophoblasts and Involved in Their Migration by Inhibiting the Activation of RAC1.
In conclusion, RhoGDI2 inhibits trophoblast cell migration, and this function may involve suppression of RAC1 activation. PMID: 24554735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 19, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu S, Cui H, Li Q, Zhang L, Na Q, Liu C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Nuclear Receptor NR2F2 Activates Star Expression and Steroidogenesis in Mouse MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig Cells.
In this study, we found that NR2F2 is expressed in the nucleus of some peritubular myoid cells and in interstitial cells, mainly in steroidogenically active adult Leydig cells. In MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells, siRNA-mediated NR2F2 knockdown reduces basal steroid production without affecting hormone responsiveness. Consistent with this, we found that STAR mRNA and protein levels were reduced in NR2F2-depleted MA-10 and MLTC-1 cells. Transient transfections of Leydig cells revealed that a -986 bp mouse Star promoter construct was activated 3 fold by NR2F2. Using 5' progressive deletion constructs, we mapped the NR2F2-respon...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - June 4, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mendoza-Villarroel RE, Robert NM, Martin LJ, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Evidence Supporting a Functional Requirement of SMAD4 for Bovine Preimplantation Embryonic Development: A Potential Link to Embryotropic Actions of Follistatin.
Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily signaling controls various aspects of female fertility. However, the functional roles of TGFbeta-superfamily cognate signal transduction pathway components (e.g. SMAD2/3, SMAD4, SMAD1/5/8) in early embryonic development are not completely understood. We have previously demonstrated pronounced embryotropic actions of the TGFbeta superfamily member-binding protein, follistatin, on oocyte competence in cattle. Given SMAD4 is a common "SMAD" required for both SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways, the objectives of the present studies were to determine ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 16, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lee KB, Zhang K, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

MicroRNA-378a-5p Targets Cyclin G2 to Inhibit Fusion and Differentiation in BeWo Cells.
Abstract MicroRNAs are expressed abundantly in the placenta throughout pregnancy. We have previously reported that miR-378a-5p promoted trophoblast migration and invasion. To further understand the role of miR-378a-5p during placental development, we investigated whether it may regulate the differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Using a choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, we found that miR-378a-5p was down-regulated during Forskolin-induced STB differentiation. Transfection of a miR-378a-5p mimic into BeWo cells decreased the formation of multinucleated STB, increased E-cadherin, and decreased the expression l...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 13, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Nadeem U, Ye G, Salem M, Peng C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Tricellulin and Its Role in the Epididymal Epithelium of the Rat.
Abstract Tricellulin is a tight junction protein present at tricellular tight junctions. It has been suggested that basal cells are implicated in the blood-epididymis barrier (BEB). Basal cells express claudins (Cldns), a component of tight junctions: however, there is no information regarding the potential architecture or regulation of basal cell-principal cell interactions. The present objectives were to determine the expression and localization of tricellulin in rat epididymis in relation to occludin, basal cell-principal cell interactions and other junctional proteins. Tricellulin levels were similar in all se...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 7, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mandon M, Cyr DG Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Type II (GnRH-II) Agonist Regulates the Motility of Human Decidual Endometrial Stromal Cells: Possible Effect on Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy.
Abstract Invasion of the maternal decidua by extravillous trophoblast is an important process for embryo implantation and placentation in human. Motile behavior of decidual endometrial stromal cells have been considered of critical importance for embryo implantation and programming of human pregnancy. The GnRH effects in endometrium have raised concerns in reproduction. In the present study, we examined the action of GnRH-II agonist-promoted motility of human decidual endometrial stromal cells and the mechanisms of the action, indicating the role of GnRH-II agonist in embryo implantation and early pregnancy. Human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 11, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wu HM, Huang HY, Lee CL, Soong YK, Leung PC, Wang HS Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Rhox8 Ablation in the Sertoli Cells Using a Tissue-Specific RNAi Approach Results in Impaired Male Fertility in Mice.
Abstract The reproductive homeobox X-linked, Rhox, genes encode transcription factors that are selectively expressed in reproductive tissues. While there are 33 Rhox genes in mice, only Rhox5 and Rhox8 are expressed in Sertoli cells, suggesting that they may regulate the expression of somatic-cell gene products crucial for germ-cell development. We previously characterized Rhox5-null mice, which are subfertile, exhibiting excessive germ-cell apoptosis and compromised sperm motility. To assess the role of Rhox8 in Sertoli cells, we used a tissue-specific RNAi approach to knockdown RHOX8 in vivo, in which the Rhox5 ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 13, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Welborn JP, Davis MG, Ebers SD, Stodden GR, Hayashi K, Cheatwood JC, Rao MK, MacLean JA Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Novel Targets for the Transcription Factors MEF2 in MA-10 Leydig Cells.
Abstract Testosterone production by Leydig cells is a tightly regulated process requiring synchronized expression of several steroidogenic genes by numerous transcription factors. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) are transcription factors recently identified in somatic cells of the male gonad. In other tissues, MEF2 factors are essential regulators of organogenesis and cell differentiation. So far in the testis, MEF2 factors were found to regulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis by controlling Nr4a1 and Star gene expression. To expand our understanding of the role of MEF2 in Leydig cells, we performed microarray analy...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 27, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Di-Luoffo M, Daems C, Bergeron F, Tremblay JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research