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BCG vaccine ’s off-target effects on allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases: Worth another shot?
Allergy is an exaggerated immune response to foreign antigens resulting from a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental interactions. Immune responses misdirected against intrinsic antigens can lead to autoimmunity. The incidence of allergic and autoimmune diseases is rising, constituting a global public health challenge with broad socioeconomic implications. The Bacille Calmette-Gu érin (BCG) vaccine is a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine given to millions of newborns worldwide to prevent tuberculosis.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - October 18, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Asimenia Angelidou, Laure F. Pittet, Denise Faustman, Nigel Curtis, Ofer Levy Tags: Paradigms and perspectives Source Type: research

Interferon-gamma ELISpot assay facilitates safe drug rechallenge in severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs
This study was to explore the possibility of using Interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay to safely guide anti-TB re-administration in SCAR subjects.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 31, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Amornrat Prasertcharoensuk, Yuda Chongpison, Pattarawat Thantiworasit, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Pawinee Rerknimitr, Hiroshi Chantaphakul, Jettanong Klaewsongkram Source Type: research

Sex-difference In Associations Between Skin Responses To Purified Protein Derivative And Family Size During Infancy in Japan
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease, especially in males, and a negative associate between delayed hypersensitivity tests to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin in the skin (Mantoux tests; MTs) and atopy was reported. Although MTs for TB diagnosis is not recommended after 2005 in Japan because of influences by TB pandemic, microbiome exposure, and host immunity, thus we investigated associations among MTs, sex, family size, and allergic diseases.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 31, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Miwa Shinohara, Kenji Matsumoto Source Type: research

Combined immunodeficiency in a patient with deficiency of c-Rel
This study reports a homozygous mutation in REL abrogating c-Rel protein expression in a patient with combined immunodeficiency characterized by susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and cytomegalovirus.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - May 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sarah Beaussant-Cohen, Faris Jaber, Michel J. Massaad, Sabrina Weeks, Jennifer Jones, Mohammed F. Alosaimi, Jacqueline Wallace, Waleed Al-Herz, Raif S. Geha, Janet Chou Source Type: research

Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota
Helminth parasites have been reported to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic and autoimmune conditions and detrimental consequences in patients with tuberculosis and some viral infections. Their role in coinfection with respiratory viruses is not clear.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 11, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Amanda J. McFarlane, Henry J. McSorley, Donald J. Davidson, Paul M. Fitch, Claire Errington, Karen J. Mackenzie, Eva S. Gollwitzer, Chris J.C. Johnston, Andrew S. MacDonald, Michael R. Edwards, Nicola L. Harris, Benjamin J. Marsland, Rick M. Maizels, J ü Source Type: research

Got milk? Understanding the farm milk effect in allergy and asthma prevention
Cow's milk is a major component of most of our diets, but concerns about its ingestion have been in and out of public health dialogues for decades. Raw milk has long been associated with numerous foodborne illnesses and outbreaks due to enteric and opportunistic bacteria such as Brucella, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Campylobactor species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli species.1,2 Mycobacterium bovis infection was transmitted to humans following drinking unpasteurized milk from infected cows, causing tuberculosis and scrofula.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - April 11, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joyce E. Yu, Rachel L. Miller Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis mimicking Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease in a patient with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 () gain-of-function mutation
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mutations cause several rare primary immunodeficiencies.1 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent skin, nail, and mucosal membrane infections caused by Candida albicans. Patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) suffer from atypical mycobacterial infections or severe tuberculosis infections. The gain-of-function STAT1 mutations cause an autosomal-dominant form of CMCD,2 whereas the loss-of-function STAT1 alleles cause MSMD.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 1, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shinsuke Kataoka, Hideki Muramatsu, Yusuke Okuno, Yuta Hayashi, Yoko Mizoguchi, Miyuki Tsumura, Satoshi Okada, Masao Kobayashi, Chiaki Sano, Haruki Sato, Ichiro Oh-iwa, Masahumi Ito, Daiei Kojima, Asahito Hama, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Seiji Kojima Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in patients with inherited IFN-γR1 or IFN-γR2 deficiency
An understanding of protective immunity to mycobacterial infection is critical for the development of effective strategies to control tuberculosis (TB), a major public health problem worldwide. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and nontuberculous, environmental mycobacteria (OMIM209950).1 Patients are also susceptible to M tuberculosis.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 24, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Francesca Conti, Walmir Cutrim Aragão Filho, Carolina Prando, Caroline Deswarte, Marjorie Hubeau, Peter E. Newburger, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jacinta Bustamante, Antonio Condino-Neto Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Correction
With regard to the June 2013 article entitled “Coassociations between IL10 polymorphisms, IL-10 production, helminth infection, and asthma/wheeze in an urban tropical population in Brazil” (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013:131:1683-90), a punctuation error in Reference 25 led to the listing of the first two authors of the article as a single entry. The correct reference is as follows: Abhimanyu, Mangangcha IR, Jha P, Arora K, Mukerji M, et al. Differential serum cytokine levels are associated with cytokine gene polymorphisms in north Indians with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect Genet Evol 2011;11:1015-22. The authors regret this error.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - September 29, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Corrections Source Type: research