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Preadipocyte proliferation is elevated by calcium sensing receptor activation
This study evaluated whether CaSR activation elevates preadipocyte proliferation. Human LS14 preadipocytes were exposed to CaSR activators cinacalcet (2 µM), GdCl3 (5 µM) and spermine (1 µM), and cell viability was evaluated after 72h. CaSR activators elevated proliferation by 19–24%, and CaSR silencing (siRNA) abolished the effect. Cinacalcet elevated phospho-ERK1/2 content, and upstream inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation reverted cinacalcet-induced proliferation. Cinacalcet also elevated expression of the proinflammatory factors IL1β, IL6 and CCL2. The results suggest that CaSR induces preadipocyte prolifer...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - July 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
In conclusion, DHM improved SMIR by inducing autophagy via the activation of AMPK signaling pathway.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Glycated albumin triggers fibrosis and apoptosis via an NADPH oxidase/Nox4-MAPK pathway-dependent mechanism in renal proximal tubular cells
In this study, we investigated the effects of GA on fibrosis and apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) in vitro experiments. Our results showed that GA promoted α-SMA, fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β expressions in NRK-52E cells. GA also increased cell apoptosis and stimulated the expressions of pro-caspase 3/cleaved-caspase 3. GA overloading enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway. GA-induced α-SMA, FN, TGF-β and caspase 3 expressions were completely suppressed by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the latent antioxidant Astr...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

MMP2 and MMP9 participate in S1P-induced invasion of follicular ML-1 thyroid cancer cells
In conclusion, MMP2 and MMP9 participate in S1P-evoked follicular ML-1 thyroid cancer cell invasion.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 10, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

NF-κB increased expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 promotes HepG2 proliferation via inactivating estradiol
In this study, HepG2 cells were used to investigate the role of HSD17B4 in the proliferation of liver cancer cells treated with the NF-κB activator, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), with the inhibitor of NF-κB activation, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), or with a related specific siRNA. We demonstrated that the human HSD17B4 gene is a target for NF-κB activation in inflammation-stimulated HepG2 cells. HSD17B4 is up-regulated via the binding of activated NF-κB to the distal NF-κB-responsive element via TNF-α stimulation, which then promotes cell proliferation by decreasing the levels of E2 and enhancing the ex...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - December 12, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The circadian clock machinery controls adiponectin expression
In this study, we tested whether the circadian clock helix–loop–helix transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate adiponectin expression. We found that adiponectin expression is regulated by the clock through the circadian expression of its transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its co-activator PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC1α) in mouse white adipose tissue and differentiated adipocytes. In addition, reconstitution of the core clock mechanism and siRNA experiments in cell culture suggest that the clock directly activates the adiponectin promoter and mediates its expression. I...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 3, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

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