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Source: Biology of Reproduction
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Total 68 results found since Jan 2013.

A Novel Role for SIRT3 in Regulating Mediators Involved in the Terminal Pathways of Human Labor and Delivery.
In this study, we determined the effect of term labor and pro-inflammatory cytokines on SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 and SIRT7 expression in human myometrium. Functional studies were also employed to investigate the effect of siRNA knockdown of SIRTs in regulating inflammation-induced pro-labor mediators. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were used to determine SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5 and SIRT7 mRNA and protein expression in human myometrium. siRNA knockdown of SIRT3 in myometrial primary cells determined its role in response to inflammatory stimuli IL1B and TNF. SIRT3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in term labori...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - September 13, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Menon R, Lappas M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Leptin-Promoted Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion Is MMP14 Dependent and Requires the Crosstalk Between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt Signaling.
Abstract The over-expression of leptin is a crucial feature for the maintenance of pregnancy. The effects of leptin on trophoblasts invasion are important to its reproductive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MMP14 is a member of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that is closely involved in the invasion process. Here, we characterized the importance of MMP14 in the pro-invasion effect of leptin on EVT cells and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Transwell assay revealed that leptin promoted invasion of the immortalized EVT cell line HTR-8/SVneo in a dose- and time-related fash...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 26, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang H, Cheng H, Shao Q, Dong Z, Xie Q, Zhao L, Wang Q, Kong B, Qu X Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Expression of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-2 Within the Immature Rat Ovary and Its Role in Regulating Mitosis and Apoptosis of Spontaneously Immortalized Granulosa Cells.
Abstract Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (Pgrmc2) mRNA was detected in the immature rat ovary. By 48 h after eCG, Pgrmc2 mRNA levels decreased by 40% and were maintained at 48 h post hCG. Immunohistochemical studies detected PGRMC2 in oocytes and ovarian surface epithelial, interstitial, thecal, granulosa and luteal cells. PGRMC2 was also present in spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs), localizing to the cytoplasm of interphase cells and apparently to the mitotic spindle of cells in metaphase. Interestingly, PGRMC2 levels appeared to decrease during the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Moreover...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 2, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Griffin D, Liu X, Pru C, Pru JK, Peluso JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC-2 Interact to Suppress Entry into the Cell Cycle in Spontaneously Immortalized Rat Granulosa Cells.
Abstract Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC2 are expressed in rat granulosa cells and spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs) but their biological roles are not well defined. The present studies demonstrate that depleting either Pgrmc1 or Pgrmc2 in SIGCs increases entry into the cell cycle but does not increase cell proliferation. Rather PGRMC1 and/or PGRMC2-deplete cells accumulate in metaphase and undergo apoptosis. Since both PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 localize to the mitotic spindle, their absence likely accounts for cells arresting in metaphase. Moreover, pull-down assays, co-loca...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - September 24, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Peluso JJ, Griffin D, Liu X, Horne M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

CHD1 Regulates Deposition of Histone Variant H3.3 During Bovine Early Embryonic Development.
The objective of this study was to characterize CHD1 expression and elucidate its functional role in preimplantation development using the bovine model. CHD1 mRNA was elevated after meiotic maturation and remains increased through 16-cell stage followed by a sharp decrease at morula to blastocyst stage. Similarly, immunoblot analysis indicated CHD1 protein level is increased after maturation, maintained at high level after fertilization and declined sharply afterwards. CHD1 mRNA level was partially decreased in response to α-amanitin (RNA polymerase II inhibitor) treatment, suggesting CHD1 mRNA in 8-cell embryos is of bot...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 10, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhang K, Rajput SK, Wang S, Folger JK, Knott JG, Smith GW Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

CDKN1C (P57): one of the determinants of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization.
Abstract Decidualization is regulated by crosstalk of progesterone and the cAMP pathway. It involves extensive reprogramming of gene expression and includes a wide range of functions. To investigate how cell cycle regulatory genes drive the human endometrial stromal cell (ESC) exit cell cycle and enter differentiation, primary cultured ESC was treated with 8-Br-cAMP and MPA and cell cycle distribution was investigated by flow cytometry. High-throughput cell cycle regulatory gene expression was also studied by microarray. To validate the results of microarray chip, immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative method ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 9, 2018 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang L, Yang H, Hu L, Hu D, Ma S, Sun X, Jiang L, Song J, Ji L, Masau JF, Zhang H, Qian K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Myostatin increases human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 Signaling
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that myostatin increases trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling. Primary and immortalized (HTR8/SVneo) trophoblast cells were used as study models. Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assays were used to study the effects of recombinant human myostatin on trophoblast cell invasion. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure myostatin effects on N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Small inhibitor molecules as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to block myostatin receptor and downstream signaling, respectively. Data were...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 12, 2022 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Faten AbdelHafez Ahmed Christian Klausen Hua Zhu Peter C K Leung Source Type: research

Regulation of Cyclin D2 Expression and Degradation by Follicle Stimulating Hormone During Rat Granulosa Cell Proliferation In Vitro.
Abstract Cyclin D2 (CCND2, encoded by Ccnd2) plays an important role in the induction of early-to-mid G1 phase transition and is required for granulose cell proliferation during ovarian folliculogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the regulation of cyclin D2 expression and degradation during rat granulosa cell proliferation in vitro. FSH acutely increased granulosa cell Ccnd2 mRNA abundance and CCND2 protein content as well as proliferation. FSH-induced granulosa cell CCND2 protein content and proliferation were mimicked by forskolin and attenuated by in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 24, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Han Y, Xia G, Tsang BK Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

A Novel Role for FOXO3 in Human Labor: Increased Expression in Laboring Myometrium, and Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Labor Mediators in Pregnant Human Myometrial Cells.
Abstract Preterm birth is the leading factor causing neonatal mortality and morbidity. Inflammation plays a central role in stimulating uterine contractility, which is responsible for approximately one-third of all preterm births. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) regulates inflammation in non-gestational tissues such as adipocytes and hepatocytes. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine the effect of (i) human term labor on myometrial FOXO3 expression, and (ii) FOXO3 inhibition and FOXO3 overexpression on pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators in human myometria...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 1, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Canonical WNT2 Pathway and FSH Interact to Regulate Gap Junction Assembly in Mouse Granulosa Cells.
Abstract WNTs are extracellular signaling molecules that exert their actions through receptors of the frizzled (FZD) family. Previous work indicated that WNT2 regulates cell proliferation in mouse granulosa cells acting through CTNNB1 (beta-catenin), a key component in canonical WNT signaling. In other cells, WNT signaling has been shown to regulate expression of connexin43 (CX43), a gap junction protein, as well as gap junction assembly. Since previous work had demonstrated that CX43 is also essential in ovarian follicle development, the objective of this study was to determine if WNT2 regulates CX43 expression a...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang HX, Gillio-Meina C, Chen S, Gong XQ, Li TY, Bai D, Kidder GM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Regulation of the Activin-Inhibin-Follistatin System by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Zebrafish Ovary.
Abstract In the zebrafish, the dynamic expression of the activin-inhibin-follistatin system during folliculogenesis and its exclusive localization (except follistatin) in the follicle cells suggest that the system plays important roles in follicle development and its expression is subject to tight controls, probably by external factors including those derived from the oocyte. We have previously identified zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as oocyte factors that may act on the follicle cells; however, the targets of BMPs in the follicle cells remain unknown. Considering their spatiotemporal expression in...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - July 10, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Li CW, Ge W Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Regulates 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Human Trophoblast Cells Through a Transcriptional Mechanism.
Abstract The placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene) plays a key role in fetal development, but its regulation is incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that p38 MAPK was a positive regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. However, it remains unknown if the other two MAPKs, ERK1/2 and JNK, were also involved. In the present study, we identified ERK1/2 as an important regulator of placental 11β-HSD2. We showed that inhibition of ERK1/2 with the pharmacological inhibitor U0126 led to a 3-fold increase in 11β-HSD2 activity, protein, and mRNA in primary human...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - August 21, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Guan H, Sun K, Yang K Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression in the Spermatocyte Cell Line GC-2spd(ts) Cell-Line by Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC) via Arylhydrocarbon Receptor-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Ahr-Nrf2 Pathway.
In this study, we show that exposure of the spermatocyte cell line [GC-2spd(ts)] to CSC induces an increase in Cyp1a1, demonstrating AHR activation, and simultaneous expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), where it is believed to modulate Ahr expression by feedback mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition by AHR-antagonist (CH223191), and Ahr- and Nrf2-siRNA interference followed by q-RTPCR implicate the Ahr-Nrf2 pathway in the modulation of DNA damage and growth suppression genes such as Gadd45a and P21 and oxidative stress-related genes Cyp1a1, Nrf2, and Ahrr. Flow cytomet...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - November 20, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Moley KH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

RhoGDI2 Is Expressed in Human Trophoblasts and Involved in Their Migration by Inhibiting the Activation of RAC1.
In conclusion, RhoGDI2 inhibits trophoblast cell migration, and this function may involve suppression of RAC1 activation. PMID: 24554735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - February 19, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Liu S, Cui H, Li Q, Zhang L, Na Q, Liu C Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

The Nuclear Receptor NR2F2 Activates Star Expression and Steroidogenesis in Mouse MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig Cells.
In this study, we found that NR2F2 is expressed in the nucleus of some peritubular myoid cells and in interstitial cells, mainly in steroidogenically active adult Leydig cells. In MA-10 and MLTC-1 Leydig cells, siRNA-mediated NR2F2 knockdown reduces basal steroid production without affecting hormone responsiveness. Consistent with this, we found that STAR mRNA and protein levels were reduced in NR2F2-depleted MA-10 and MLTC-1 cells. Transient transfections of Leydig cells revealed that a -986 bp mouse Star promoter construct was activated 3 fold by NR2F2. Using 5' progressive deletion constructs, we mapped the NR2F2-respon...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - June 4, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mendoza-Villarroel RE, Robert NM, Martin LJ, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research