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Source: AJP: Cell Physiology
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Total 27 results found since Jan 2013.
CREB, NF-{kappa}B, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to CREB inhibited ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu, H., Saito, S., Higashiyama, Y., Nishijima, F., Niwa, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity
The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1–/– mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba2+-sensitive K+ currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1–/– were dramatically reduced (602 pA) compared with those from wild type (WT; 1,300 pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1–/– compared wit...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 14, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, C., Su, X., Bellner, L., Lin, D.-H. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Definitive evidence using enucleated cytoplasts for a nongenomic basis for the cystic change in endoplasmic reticulum structure caused by STAT5a/b siRNAs
STAT5a/b species are well known as transcription factors that regulate nuclear gene expression. In a novel line of research in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs), we previously observed that STAT5a associated with the Golgi apparatus and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT5a/b led to the rapid development of a dramatic cystic change in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) characterized by deposition along cyst membranes and tubule-to-cyst boundaries of the proteins reticulon-4 (RTN4; also called Nogo-B) and the ER-resident GTPase atlastin-3 (ATL3) and Golgi fragmentation. We now report that STAT5a can be obser...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee, J. E., Yang, Y.-M., Yuan, H., Sehgal, P. B. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Differential regulation of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle by caveolin-1
Caveolae act as scaffolding proteins for several G protein-coupled receptor signaling molecules to regulate their activity. Caveolin-1, the predominant isoform in smooth muscle, drives the formation of caveolae. The precise role of caveolin-1 and caveolae as scaffolds for G protein-coupled receptor signaling and contraction in gastrointestinal muscle is unclear. Thus the aim of this study was to examine the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling. RT-PCR, Western blot, and radioligand-binding studies demonstrated the selective expression of M2 and M3 receptors in gastric smooth muscle ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - August 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhattacharya, S., Mahavadi, S., Al-Shboul, O., Rajagopal, S., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Nestin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in endothelial cells: novel mechanistic insight into VEGF-induced cell migration in angiogenesis
Nestin is highly expressed in poorly differentiated and newly formed proliferating endothelial cells (ECs); however, the role of this protein in angiogenesis remains unknown. Additionally, the cytoskeleton and associated cytoskeleton-binding proteins mediate the migration of vascular ECs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether VEGF regulates the cytoskeleton, as well as other associated proteins, to promote the migration of vascular ECs. The coexpression of nestin and CD31 during angiogenesis in alkali-burned rat corneas was examined via immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analyses revealed...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 1, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Liang, Z.-w., Wang, Z., Chen, H., Li, C., Zhou, T., Yang, Z., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Gao, G., Cai, W. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells
Na-K-ATPase, an integral membrane protein in mammalian cells, is responsible for maintaining the favorable intracellular Na gradient necessary to promote Na-coupled solute cotransport processes [e.g., Na-glucose cotransport (SGLT1)]. Inhibition of brush border membrane (BBM) SGLT1 is, at least in part, due to the diminished Na-K-ATPase in villus cells from chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Na-K-ATPase inhibition on the two major BBM Na absorptive pathways, specifically Na-glucose cotransport and Na/H exchange (NHE), in intestinal epithelial (IEC-18) cells. Na...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Manoharan, P., Gayam, S., Arthur, S., Palaniappan, B., Singh, S., Dick, G. M., Sundaram, U. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 15, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao, M., Guo, H., Chen, J., Wang, J., Huang, H., Zheng, S., Hei, M., Li, J., Huang, S., Li, J., Ma, X., Chen, Y., Zhao, L., Zhuang, J., Zhu, P. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Liver X receptor-{alpha} and miR-130a-3p regulate expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Recent studies have shown that activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, not only by regulating lipid metabolism but also by suppressing inflammatory signaling. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), an important inflammatory gene product, plays a role in the development of various inflammatory diseases. It was proposed that S1PR2 might be regulated by LXR-α. In the present study, the effect of LXR-α on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced S1PR2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated and the underlying mechan...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 1, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Fan, A., Wang, Q., Yuan, Y., Cheng, J., Chen, L., Guo, X., Li, Q., Chen, B., Huang, X., Huang, Q. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Canstatin stimulates migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts via secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2
In conclusion, this study revealed a novel function of canstatin for inducing cell migration of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts at least in part by ERK phosphorylation through MMP-2 secretion, possibly via actin cytoskeletal change.
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Okada, M., Murata, N., Yamawaki, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Integration of TRPC6 and NADPH oxidase activation in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced TRPC5 externalization
Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, and the subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2+ leads to TRPC5 activation. The goal of this study is to elucidate the steps in the pathway between TRPC6 activation and TRPC5 externalization. Following TRPC6 activation by lysoPC, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) is phosphorylated. This leads to phosphorylation of p47phox and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation with increased production of reactive oxygen species. ERK activation requires TRPC6 opening and influx of Ca2+ as evidenced ...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - November 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Chaudhuri, P., Rosenbaum, M. A., Birnbaumer, L., Graham, L. M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Intracellular two-phase Ca2+ release and apoptosis controlled by TRP-ML1 channel activity in coronary arterial myocytes
Activation of the death receptor Fas has been reported to produce a two-phase intracellular Ca2+ release response in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs), which consists of local Ca2+ bursts via lysosomal transient potential receptor-mucolipin 1 (TRP-ML1) channels and consequent Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The present study was designed to explore the molecular mechanism by which lysosomal Ca2+ bursts are coupled with SR Ca2+ release in mouse CAMs and to determine the functional relevance of this lysosome-associated two-phase Ca2+ release to apoptosis, a common action of Fas activation with Fas ligand (...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - March 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu, M., Li, X., Walsh, S. W., Zhang, Y., Abais, J. M., Boini, K. M., Li, P.-L. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Downregulation of core clock gene Bmal1 attenuates expression of progesterone and prostaglandin biosynthesis-related genes in rat luteinizing granulosa cells
Ovarian circadian oscillators have been implicated in the reproductive processes of mammals. However, there are few reports regarding the detection of ovarian clock-controlled genes (CCGs). The present study was designed to unravel the mechanisms through which CCG ovarian circadian oscillators regulate fertility, primarily using quantitative RT-PCR and RNA interference against Bmal1 in rat granulosa cells. Mature granulosa cells were prepared from mouse Per2-destabilized luciferase (dLuc) reporter gene transgenic rats. A real-time monitoring system of Per2 promoter activity was employed to detect Per2-dLuc oscillations. Th...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - June 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen, H., Zhao, L., Kumazawa, M., Yamauchi, N., Shigeyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Hattori, M.-a. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Requirement for active glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} in TGF-{beta}1 upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) levels in human gingival fibroblasts
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) mediates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibrosis. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is tissue specific. Here the role of the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in mediating TGF-β1-stimulated CCN2/CTGF expression in primary human adult gingival fibroblasts and human adult lung fibroblasts was compared. Data indicate that PI3K inhibitors attenuate upregulation of TGF-β1-induced CCN2/CTGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts independent of reducing JNK MAP kinase activation. Pharmacologic inhibitors and small interfering (si)RNA-mediated kno...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - September 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bahammam, M., Black, S. A., Sume, S. S., Assaggaf, M. A., Faibish, M., Trackman, P. C. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research
Tanshinone IIA inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced MUC1 overexpression in alveolar epithelial cells
In this study, we investigated the effects of TIIA on LPS-induced acute lung inflammation, as well as its relationship to Muc1 expression in mouse lung and MUC1 in human alveolar epithelial cells. TIIA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in both Muc1 wild-type (Muc1+/+) and knockout (Muc1–/–) mice, as manifested by reduced neutrophil infiltration and reduced TNF-α and keratinocyte chemoattractant levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The inhibitory effects of TIIA on airway inflammation were associated with reduced expression of Muc1 in Muc1+/+ mouse lung. Moreover, p...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - January 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang, K., Wang, J., Jiang, H., Xu, X., Wang, S., Zhang, C., Li, Z., Gong, X., Lu, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on canonical transient receptor potential expression in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle
In this study, we demonstrated that chronic CS exposure led to rat weight loss, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. A fluorescence microscope was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat distal PASMCs. Results showed that basal [Ca2+]i and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) levels in PASMCs from 3- and 6-mo CS-exposed rats were markedly higher than those in cells from the unexposed control animals (the increases in 6-mo CS group were more significant than that in 3-mo group), accompanied with increased canonical transient receptor potential 1 (TRPC1) and TRPC6 expr...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - February 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang, J., Chen, Y., Lin, C., Jia, J., Tian, L., Yang, K., Zhao, L., Lai, N., Jiang, Q., Sun, Y., Zhong, N., Ran, P., Lu, W. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
