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A global perspective of forensic entomology case reports from 1935 to 2022
In this study, we retrospectively summarized information derived from 307 forensic entomology case reports from 1935 to 2022 from a global perspective. Our checklist of relevant information included insect species, specific indoor or outdoor preferences, preferred temperatures, and stages of body decomposition. Finally, a concept and calculation method for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation accuracy was proposed. There were 232 cases using insect developmental data and 28 cases using succession patterns to estimate PMI. A total of 146 species of insects were involved in the cases, of which 62.3% were Diptera and 37.7% we...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - July 6, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Effects of population variations and temperature on Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development: implications for estimating the postmortem interval
AbstractForensic entomology requires knowledge of the developmental rates of the species that colonize a body after death to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). These developmental rates may vary depending not only on the species but also on the geographic location due to population differences. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to determine the developmental duration of the forensically important flyChrysomya megacephala under constant controlled and field condition temperatures and to compare these results, through a meta-analysis, with data reported by other authors on populations from different localities...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - June 5, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Initial laboratory validation of temperature development models for Necrodes littoralis L. (Staphylinidae: Silphinae)
AbstractDevelopment models of necrophagous insects are applied in forensic entomology for post-mortem interval estimation. Such estimates may be used as scientific evidence in legal investigations. For this reason, it is important that the models are valid and that the expert witness is aware of their limitations.Necrodes littoralis L. (Staphylinidae: Silphinae) is a necrophagous beetle species that frequently colonizes human cadavers. Temperature models of development for the Central European population of these beetles were recently published. In this article, we present results of the laboratory validation study for the...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - April 18, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Effects of aluminium phosphide on larval morphometry of two important Chrysomya species
This article evaluates the effect of aluminium phosphide (AlP) on the larval morphometry and life cycles ofC. megacephala andC. rufifacies. The rabbits were given different dosages of AlP and their livers were excised to rearC. megacephala andC. rufifacies. Through multiple-regression analysis, we assessed the overall impact of varying dosages of AlP on larvae of both species. AlP accelerated development until pupation, whilst the time until emergence remained the same. At higher concentrations, AlP had a positive effect on the development of these species. Since both species are abundant, forensic entomology studies exami...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 27, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Identity of the numerous bloodstains at the murder scene: molecular identification of fly artifacts and fly species by CO1 analysis
This study aims not only to distinguish fly artifacts from true bloodstains but also to identify fly species by detecting fly DNA in small amounts of bloodstains at the scenes. Melt curve analysis of real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was able to detect fly DNA in bloodstains from a murder scene. The fly DNA was sequenced from the qPCR product, and the fly species were identified by BLAST search. Fluorescence-labeled specific primers for four species of necrophagous flies were designed based on the seque nces of the CO1 region, and differences in the length of t...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 21, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Decomposition and insect succession on human cadavers in a humid, continental (Dfb) climate (Quebec, Canada)
AbstractForensic entomology has been developing globally for decades. Despite this discipline being used in criminal investigations around the world, only a few controlled studies have been performed on human cadavers in human decomposition facilities, with the majority of these being conducted in warm and often dry climates. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to catalogue the first published data on insects associated with decomposed human bodies in a humid, continental (Dfb) climate. Specifically, our objective was to document the diversity and succession of the entomofauna associated with human cadavers througho...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 5, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Forensic entomology in research and practice: an overview of forensic experts ’ perceptions and scientific output in Brazil
AbstractGiven the growing demands for standardization of procedures for collection, preservation, and identification of insect specimens, this study aimed to identify how forensic entomology is used in Brazil and the perceptions of professionals involved in this process. We conducted: (1) bibliometric survey of the scientific production of forensic specialists from 2001 to 2020; (2) questionnaire applied to forensic professionals to verify their perceptions about the use of entomological evidence in practice. An increase in publications on Forensic Entomology was noticed in the last 5  years, mainly in the South and North...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - May 8, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

It is all about the insects: a retrospective on 20  years of forensic entomology highlights the importance of insects in legal investigations
This study highlights the importance of insect evidence by evaluating 949 insect-associated cases, including 139 entomological reports, from 2001 to 2019 at the Institute of Legal Medicine Frankfurt/Germany. With a high number of cases in the summer months and a low number in the colder season, 78.5% of the bodies were found indoors, regardless of year or month. In more than 80% of the cases, where PMI information was available (n  = 704), the presumed PMI ranged from 1 to 21 days, a period during which entomological evidence can provide a day-specific estimate of PMImin. In cases where insects have been identified to...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Revolution in death sciences: body farms and taphonomics blooming. A review investigating the advantages, ethical and legal aspects in a Swiss context
AbstractTaphonomy is the study of decaying organisms over time and their process of fossilization. Taphonomy, originally a branch of palaeontology and anthropology, was developed to understand the ecology of a decomposition site, how site ecology changes upon the introduction of plant or animal remains and, in turn, how site ecology affects the decomposition of these materials. In recent years, these goals were incorporated by forensic science to understand the decomposition of human cadavers, to provide a basis on which to estimate postmortem and/or postburial interval, to assist in the determination of cause and circumst...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - May 20, 2020 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

A field study to evaluate PMI estimation methods for advanced decomposition stages
AbstractEstimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the major tasks and a continuous challenge in forensic pathology. It is often an exclusion process of available methods, which ultimately can lead to an unsatisfactory outcome due to poor reliability. This problem is most acute in the late PMI, when decomposition proceeds and some methods (such as rigor, livor, and algor mortis) are no longer applicable. Several methods, such as forensic entomology, skeletal muscle protein degradation, and the study of body decomposition by application of a morphological scoring, are expected to provide further information; however...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - April 4, 2020 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Environmental factors influencing flight activity of forensically important female blow flies in Central Europe
AbstractIn forensic entomology, evaluation of a possible delay between a person ’s death and insect colonization is crucial. We monitored the seasonal flight activities of the most abundant blow flies in an urban habitat in Frankfurt/Germany based on 152 sampling days between April and October 2017. Thirty-six thousand female specimens of 12 necrophagous taxa were sampled as a possible groundwork for establishing a prediction tool for the activity of certain forensically relevant taxa. The most abundant taxon wasLucilia sericata (n = 19,544), followed byLucilia caesar (n = 8025),Calliphora vicina (n = 5224), ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 27, 2018 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

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