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Cardiovascular risk and testosterone – from subclinical atherosclerosis to lipoprotein function to heart failure
AbstractThe cardiovascular (CV) benefit and safety of treating low testosterone conditions is a matter of debate. Although testosterone deficiency has been linked to a rise in major adverse CV events, most of the studies on testosterone replacement therapy were not designed to assess CV risk and thus excluded men with advanced heart failure or recent history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Besides considering observational, interventional and prospective studies, this review article evaluates the impact of testosterone on atherosclerosis process, including lipoprotein functionality, progression of carotid intima media ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - February 22, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular health in transgender people
AbstractThis review examines the relationship between exogenous sex steroids and cardiovascular events and surrogate markers in trans (transgender) people. Data from trans populations is compared to data from postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men when appropriate. In an age-adjusted comparison with cisgender people, trans people appear to have an increased risk for myocardial infarction and death due to cardiovascular disease. It is uncertain whether hormone therapy in trans people affects their risk of stroke. In studies that followed trans people on hormone therapy, the rates of myocardial infarction and stroke were c...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - August 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Doping with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS): Adverse effects on non-reproductive organs and functions
Abstract Since the 1970s anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been abused at ever increasing rates in competitive athletics, in recreational sports and in bodybuilding. Exceedingly high doses are often consumed over long periods, in particular by bodybuilders, causing acute or chronic adverse side effects frequently complicated by additional polypharmacy. This review summarizes side effects on non-reproductive organs and functions; effects on male and female reproduction have been recently reviewed in a parallel paper. Among the most striking AAS side effects are increases in haematocrit and coagulation causing...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - September 15, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research