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Insights of Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Prospective Cell-Free Regenerative Medicine for Neurodegenerative Disorders
AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, adult stem cells which are found in numerous tissues like the umbilical cord, Wharton ’s jelly, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. They possess the capacity of self-renewal by dividing and differentiating into various cellular lineages. Their characteristic therapeutic potential exploited so far has made them a desirable candidate in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ischemic stroke have been treated with MSCs and MSC-...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Gene Therapy Approach with an Emphasis on Growth Factors: Theoretical and Clinical Outcomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
This article mainly focu ses on the delivering modes of genetic materials in the CNS, which includes viral and non-viral vectors and their application in gene therapy. Despite the many clinical trials conducted so far, data have shown disappointing outcomes. The efforts done to improve outcomes, efficacy, and safety in the identification of targets in various neurological disorders are also discussed here. Adapting gene therapy as a new therapeutic approach for treating neurological disorders seems to be promising, with early detection and delivery of therapy before the neuron is lost, helping a lot the development of new ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Tale of the Good and the Bad Cdk5: Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton in the Brain
AbstractCdk5 kinase, a cyclin-dependent kinase family member, is a key regulator of cytoskeletal remodeling in the brain. Cdk5 is essential for brain development during embryogenesis. After birth, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes such as learning and memory formation, drug addiction, pain signaling, and long-term behavior changes, all of which rely on rapid alterations in the cytoskeleton. Cdk5 activity is deregulated in various brain disorders including Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke, resulting in profound remodeling of the neuronal cytoskel...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Interplay Between Exosomes, microRNAs and Toll-Like Receptors in Brain Disorders
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, participate in intercellular communication, and particularly, in paracrine and endocrine signalling. The EVs and their specific contents have been considered hallmarks of different diseases. It has been recently discovered that EVs can co-transport nucleic acids such as DNAs, ribosomal RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lnRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, although they may also play other roles. Recent evidence supports th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research