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Moyamoya and childhood stroke: Catching up with Tyler and Ryan
Ryan (above left) and Tyler Earle of Winnipeg, Canada had a ticking time bomb inside their heads. Both boys have a rare brain disorder called moyamoya that had caused the arteries feeding their brains to become dangerously narrowed. At first, they experienced only headaches. But then Ryan suddenly lost his ability to write, began having trouble with word-finding and became weak on one side of his body — signs he had suffered a stroke. He was diagnosed with moyamoya and had partial surgery, but a second stroke took away part of his vision and partially paralyzed him. Ryan needed a second operation as soon as possible. By ...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - May 12, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Nancy Fliesler Tags: Diseases & Conditions Cerebrovascular Disorders and Stroke Program Dr. Edward Smith moyamoya Source Type: news

Different stroke(s)
A 13-year-old boy with mild learning difficulties presented to his district general hospital after an unwitnessed episode of collapse with vomiting but no loss of consciousness. He had 3 days of lethargy and intermittent occipital headaches waking him from sleep. Two days later, after another ‘funny turn’, he represented with right-side paraesthesia, weakness and word-finding difficulty. He had three previous ‘collapses’ over the last 6 months, including symptoms of transient dizziness, slurred speech, dribbling, difficulty swallowing and left-facial paraesthesia from which he had recovere...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mundada, V., Krishnakumar, D., Chitre, M., Das, T. Tags: Oncology, Eye Diseases, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Neurooncology, Pain (neurology), Stroke, Hypertension, Ophthalmology, Valvar diseases, Radiology, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Clin Source Type: research

Can Patent Foramen Ovales Cause Problems?
Discussion During fetal development, the heart primum and secundum septa grow and overlap leaving a small but important channel between the two atria. The foramen ovale is a flap valve moving blood from the right atrium into the left atrium directly and bypassing the high pressure pulmonary system. After birth and breathing air, the neonate’s lungs open up and the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. The left atrium now has a relatively higher pressure than the right atria, and therefore pressure on the flap valve closes the foramen ovale. Usually within 6-12 months, the fusion of the primum and secundum of the f...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - July 24, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Full circle: From moyamoya patient to intern
It’s the last day of Justin Doo’s research internship in the Department of Neurology at Boston Children’s Hospital and he’s eager to join the team for a celebratory scoop of ice cream at JP Licks. Before he leaves, he meets with his supervisor, Dr. Laura Lehman — but they both know this isn’t a final goodbye. The 18-year-old will see Dr. Lehman again within the year, because he isn’t just her intern. He’s also her patient. Unlike most summer interns, Justin has already spent plenty of time at Boston Children’s — more than a decade, in fact. When he was 7 years old, his parents brought him to the hospita...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - August 29, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Jessica Cerretani Tags: Diseases & Conditions Our Patients’ Stories Dr. Darren Orbach Dr. Edward Smith Dr. Laura Lehman Dr. Michael Scott moyamoya Moyamoya Disease Program Pial Synangiosis Source Type: news

What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Types of Memory Impairments are There in Children?
Discussion Memory is an important part of what distinguishes higher order species from others. Memory also is part of one’s self-identity. Difficulties in short-term memory can make common, everyday tasks difficult for the person experiencing the problem particularly if it recently occurred and the person’s long-term memory is intact. Difficulties with long-term memory can also have problems when language, events or even one’s own identity are affected. For some people the memory loss is temporary but for others, memory impairments are permanent and must be accepted and accommodated as part of the overall...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 30, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Subconcussive blows and soccer: what’s the headache?
As the fall sports ramps up, teen athletes across the country are donning shin guards and cleats, prepping to return to their beloved sport—soccer. A handful, however, are foregoing the ritual. One child sitting on the sidelines is the 13-year old daughter of Ken Reed, sports policy director of the League of Fans. Reed and his wife decided the risk of short- and long-term brain damage from subconcussive blows to the head outweighed the benefits of the sport. They pulled their daughter from the field, a decision Reed shared on this recent Huffington Post blog. Thriving checked with William Meehan, MD, director of Boston C...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - September 25, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lisa Fratt Tags: All posts Concussions Orthopedics Sports & exercise athlete and concussion Bill Meehan soccer injuries Sports Concussion Clinic Source Type: news

What Are the Main Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases?
Discussion Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are malformations of the heart and great vessels. It occurs in about 5-8/1000 live births. Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often noted perinatally because of cyanosis, respiratory distress and/or poor feeding or other distress type problems. A review can be found here. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) can present at birth but often is seen in older children or adults unless the lesions are severe, especially obstructive lesions. Severe lesions may also cause cyanosis and distress type problems in patients also. Shunting lesions cause problems by diverting blood flo...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Causes Sudden Vision Loss?
Discussion Vision loss, whether chronic or acute, is distressing at any time for patients and families. Prompt evaluation and treatment are important as maintenance of any acuity and light or movement is considered paramount. Most vision loss is due to chronic problems and aging issues but the differential diagnosis is broad. For any age, but especially children, uncorrected refractive errors can cause problems in not only in childhood but throughout someone’s lifetime. Visual impairment for distance vision is considered mild if worse than 6/12 in meters = 20/40 in feet or 0.3 LogMAR and for moderate impairment is 6/...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 5, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Is This Primary Exertional Headache?
Discussion Commonly occurring primary headaches include tension, cluster and migraine headaches. “Other primary headaches” are often situational. Patients can have more than 1 type of these “other” headaches along with more common headaches. Other primary headaches as a group tend to be self-limited with long remission periods. Some other primary headaches include: Thunderclap headache Explosive sudden onset with maximum intensity in less 1 minute and resolution within 5 minutes usually 43/100,000 persons in adults Primary or secondary Secondary causes include intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, thro...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - November 21, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news