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Direct oral anticoagulants in chronic kidney disease: an update
Purpose of review Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are variably eliminated by the kidneys rendering their use potentially problematic in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or necessitating appropriate dose adjustment. Recent findings Both observational and limited randomized trial data for DOACs compared with no treatment or with warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation on maintenance dialysis were recently published. In a randomized trial in patients on hemodialysis, there was no significant difference in vascular calcification between patients who received rivaroxaban with or without vitamin K2 or vi...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Water and solute transport across the peritoneal membrane
Purpose of review: We review the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal transport and discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms is relevant for dialysis therapy. Recent findings: Peritoneal dialysis involves diffusion and osmosis through the highly vascularized peritoneal membrane. Computer simulations, expression studies and functional analyses in Aqp1 knockout mice demonstrated the critical role of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in water removal during peritoneal dialysis. Pharmacologic regulation of AQP1, either through increased expression or gating, is associated with increased water transport in rodent...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 11, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT: Edited by Alan S.L. Yu Source Type: research

Novel approaches to hypoglycemia and burnt-out diabetes in chronic kidney disease
Purpose of review Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that confers faster kidney disease progression, higher mortality, and various metabolic derangements including hypoglycemia. Recent findings Even in the absence of diabetes mellitus, growing research demonstrates that CKD patients are at heightened risk for hypoglycemia via multiple pathways. In CKD patients transitioning to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), spontaneous resolution of hyperglycemia and frequent hypoglycemia resulting in reduction and/or cessation of glucose-lowering medications are frequently observed in a phenom...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - December 6, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN NEPHROLOGY AND HYPERTENSION: Edited by Ekamol Tantisattamo, Ramy M. Hanna and Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh Source Type: research