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Critical Role of the Sphingolipid Pathway in Stroke: a Review of Current Utility and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Abstract Sphingolipids are a series of cell membrane-derived lipids which act as signaling molecules and play a critical role in cell death and survival, proliferation, recognition, and migration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signaling molecule and regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways which plays a critical role in numerous neurological conditions. Stroke is a second leading cause of death all over the world and effective therapies are still in great demand, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke as w...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 23, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke
AbstractStroke is one of the world ’s leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There’s an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishm...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lesion Size- and Location-Dependent Recruitment of Contralesional Thalamus and Motor Cortex Facilitates Recovery after Stroke in Mice
This study highlights the importance of in vivo fiber tracking and the role of the contralesional hemisphere during spontaneous functional improvement as a potential novel stroke biomarker and therapeutic targets.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Non-Human Primate Model of Aneurismal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
We present the model characteristics and describe in details medical, surgical, imagining techniques that we have used at the Surgical Neurology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke from 1989.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hydrogel-Based Therapy for Brain Repair After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
This study provides proof-of-principle that injectable biomaterials may be a translationally relevant approach for treating ICH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the Last Decade
AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects six to nine people per 100,000 per year, has a 35% mortality, and leaves many  with lasting disabilities, often related to cognitive dysfunction. Clinical decision rules and more sensitive computed tomography (CT) have made the diagnosis of SAH easier, but physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion. The management of these patients is based on a limited number of ran domized clinical trials (RCTs). Early repair of the ruptured aneurysm by endovascular coiling or neurosurgical clipping is essential, and coiling is superior to clipping in cases amenable to bot...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Molecular Correlates of Hemorrhage and Edema Volumes Following Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Implicate Inflammation, Autophagy, mRNA Splicing, and T Cell Receptor Signaling
This study uncovers molecular underpinnings associated with ICH and PHE vo lumes and pathophysiology in human ICH, where knowledge is scarce. The identified pathways and hub genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways
AbstractEarly brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis for patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), particularly learning and memory deficits in the repair phase. A recent report has involved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the pathophysiological process underlying SAH-induced EBI. Alpha-asarone (ASA), a major compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbAcorus tatarinowii Schott, was proven to reduce secondary brain injury by decreasing CaMKII over-phosphorylation in rats ’ model of intracerebral hemorrhage in our previous report. However, the effect of ASA o...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research